Rendimento e composição do óleo essencial de patchouli (Pogostemon cablin) conforme o tempo de extração

Abstract

O patchouli possui óleo essencial nas folhas com utilização principalmente na indústria de perfumaria. O objetivo foi avaliar o melhor tempo de extração de óleo essencial de folhas secas de patchouli. Os tratamentos foram 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 e 8 horas de extração, através do método de hidrodestilação, com aparelho graduado do tipo Clevenger e balões com capacidade de 2 L.O delineamento foi inteiramente casualizado com três repetições. O material destilado foi seco à sombra até atingir aproximadamente 20% de umidade. Para cada tratamento, foram utilizadas amostras de 50 g de massa seca foliar. Foram avaliados o rendimento e a composição do óleo essencial. Não houve diferença entre os diferentes tempos de extração no rendimento de óleo essencial, podendo a extração do óleo essencial de patchouli ser realizada com uma hora de extração. O tempo de extração aumenta as porcentagens relativas do beta-guaieno (0,81%), beta-patchouleno (1,26%), alfa-selineno (1,37%), cariofileno (2,44%), alfa-patchouleno (3,08%) e gama-patchouleno (4,82%). O teor de pogostol (5,11%) reduz com o aumento do tempo de extração. O patchoulol, alfa-guaieno, alfa-bulneseno e seicheleno não sofrem influencia do tempo de extração.

The essential oil of patchouli,Pogostemon cablin: A review

“…Kumar showed that soaking of dried leaves prior to hydrodistillation led to a 5% (after 12 hr of soaking) to 10% (after 24 hr of soaking) higher yield of PEO . Recently Costa et al reported that an 8 hr hydrodistillation of dried leaves in a Clevenger apparatus statistically did not yield more oil than a 1 hr distillation even though at first glance the percentages of 4.8 (8 hr) and 3.3 (1 hr) suggest otherwise . As their conclusion differs significantly from all others over the past century, it should be treated with some reservation.…”

“…The average oil percentage in “dried” P. cablin leaves as reported in 72 references was calculated as 2.6% (ranges: 0.54 – 5.2%) . However in view of the discussion below, this figure is not precise as it is dependent on the exact plant material used (cultivar, age, soil and growth conditions), percentage of stems as well as foreign materials (soil, other plant species like weeds), drying and/or fermentation, storage, final percentage of water and the distillation technique, conditions and duration.…”

Yield of essential oil and safrole content based on fresh and dry biomass of long pepper in the Brazilian Amazon

“…Rohloff et al (2005) also observed that the drying process has little influence on the oil peppermint (Mentha x piperita L.), which allow the elimination of the drying process, thus reducing costs for obtaining the essential oil. Increasing the moisture content leads to the opposite effect by reducing the safrole content, possibly due to the maintenance of volatile compounds in the essential oil (Smith and Kassim 1979;Braga et al 2005;Costa et al 2013). This effect is probably due to the maximum gene expression in the fresh biomass and the reduced the variability of individuals in dry biomass, since there was no standardization of plant material by the drying process.…”

Antibacterial activity of Lippia alba, Myrcia lundianaand Ocimum basilicumessential oils against six food-spoiling pathogenic microorganisms

“…Besides, previous studies have demonstrated the greater effect of EO when compared to their major compounds separately. Essential oils of cinnamon, geranium and thyme showed greater growth-inhibition effect on bacteria such as E. coli and S. aureus than their major compound, linalool (Dorman & Deans, 2000;Chang et al, 2001), alone. The EO used in this stage (Maria Bonita) contains a high concentration of linalool, which is a monoterpene alcohol of high value in the cosmetics market, in addition to being used as a flavoring agent by the food and perfumery industries.…”