Rendimiento, calidad y comportamiento poscosecha de frutos de aguacate ‘Hass’ de huertos con diferente fertilización

Abstract

En frutales, la productividad difiere entre huertos debido a la condición particular del estatus nutrimental de los árboles, fertilidad del suelo, portainjerto, sanidad del cultivo y manejo agronómico. El objetivo de esta investigación fue comparar el rendimiento, calidad y comportamiento poscosecha de frutos de aguacate ‘Hass’ en dos huertos con diferente manejo de la fertilización. El primero se ubicó en Valle de Bravo y el segundo en Villa de Allende, Estado de México. La evaluación se realizó en 2017. En cada huerto se midió el rendimiento, calidad, comportamiento poscosecha y extracción de nutrimentos por los frutos. Además, se diagnosticó el estatus nutrimental del árbol y la fertilidad del suelo. Los frutos del huerto de Valle de Bravo superaron a los de Villa de Allende en rendimiento, peso, longitud, diámetro y concentración y densidad de aceite, sin embargo, presentaron menor firmeza y pérdida de peso. Los aguacates de Valle de Bravo tuvieron mayor concentración de K, S, Zn y B, los de Villa de Allende concentraron más Ca, Fe, Cu y Mn. En Valle de Bravo los árboles mostraron deficiencias de Ca, S, Cu, Mn, Zn y B, mientras que, en Villa de Allende, los elementos deficientes fueron K, S, Zn y B. En conclusión, el mayor rendimiento de fruto obtenido en el huerto de Valle de Bravo se relacionó con el mejor estatus nutrimental de los árboles y mayor fertilidad del suelo.

Nutrient Balance in Hass Avocado Trees as a Tool to Optimize Crop Fertilization Management

“…A direct relationship has been reported between the nutritional status of avocado trees and the mineral availability in soils. Some characteristics, such as acidic pH, low levels of OM and high levels of Cu, Fe, K, Ca, B and Zn, lead to a foliar nutritional imbalance [5,7,45]. The Andic soil is a group with a high specific surface area in clay minerals and reactive sites for phosphate retention by non-crystalline aluminum and iron materials [46,47].…”

“…Studies conducted on Hass avocados in Mexico have shown that the available mineral nutrients in the soil are related to the nutritional status of the trees [5]. In soils with acidic pH and low organic matter content, the concentrations of N, P and Ca were low in leaf tissue, while elements such as Fe and Zn were found in high concentrations [6,7].…”

“…The Kenworthy balance index has been widely used to carry out nutritional diagnosis in Hass avocado trees [5][6][7]10]. This method considers the physiological variation in each nutrient in trees that are more productive as a reference to determine the tree nutritional Agronomy 2023, 13,1956 2 of 19 requirement, and it serves as an aid in orchard fertilization [11].…”

Mineral Content and Phytochemical Composition of Avocado var. Hass Grown Using Sustainable Agriculture Practices in Ecuador

“…Fruit firmness reached a value similar to that (around 1 N) reported by Cho et al [38] after 8 days of storage; on the other hand, the soluble solids obtained a similar value to that (9.50 • Brix) reported by El-Moniem et al [39] in avocado fruit harvest from an orchard treated with drip irrigation. It was observed that the combined treatment showed the highest values of firmness and soluble solids; this might be related to the optimization of fertilization by the fertigation system, especially the effect of Ca, an element that was highlighted in the combined treatment, and the enhancement of plant nutrition produced by the microorganisms, which would influence both parameters [37,40].…”

“…This increase in yield was associated with the fact that the practices also enhanced the number of fruits per plant; therefore, the total yield was also increased. This increment in fruit number may be related to a better fruit set due to the precise fertilization and the nutrient absorption improvement [37].…”