Rendimiento y calidad del chile habanero en respuesta a la poda de conducción y régimen nutrimental

Abstract

El chile habanero (Capsicum chinense Jacq.) se produce tradicionalmente en suelo y a cielo abierto, por lo que información de su cultivo hidropónico en condiciones de invernadero es escasa, sobre todo en lo referente a la conducción de la planta y nutrición. Por tal motivo, en un invernadero del campo experimental de la Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias de la Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, se llevó a cabo un experimento en sistema hidropónico con la finalidad de evaluar el crecimiento, rendimiento y calidad de frutos del chile habanero en respuesta a la poda de conducción (2, 3, 4 tallos por planta y sin poda) y el régimen nutrimental [RN1: solución nutritiva universal (Steiner, 1984) suministrada durante todo el ciclo de cultivo; RN2: solución nutritiva específica para cada etapa fenológica del chile habanero (López-Gómez et al., 2017)]. Se tuvieron ocho tratamientos, cada uno con cuatro repeticiones, distribuidos en diseño experimental completamente al azar. La unidad experimental fueron tres plantas, colocadas cada una en un contenedor de polietileno negro con capacidad para 15.14 L, con grava de tezontle rojo como sustrato. El suministro de las soluciones nutritivas se realizó con el sistema de riego por goteo. Los resultados indicaron que el tratamiento ‘sin poda-RN2’ incrementó 29.5% y 35.5% la biomasa seca y número de frutos respectivamente, en comparación con las plantas del tratamiento ‘sin poda-RN1’. El rendimiento fue de 616.9 g planta en seis cortes de fruto con el tratamiento ‘sin poda-RN2’, 22.8% superior al obtenido del tratamiento ‘4 tallos-RN2’. Por efecto de la poda de conducción (2, 3 y 4 tallos) se incrementó el tamaño de los frutos.

Influence of Trichoderma harzianum inoculation and pruning on the growth and yield of Capsicum chinense Jacq.

“…increased the yield from 5.98 to 15.67 and from 5.15 to 15.67 t ha -1 in HS-52 and Centauro hybrids (Espinoza-Ahumada et al, 2019). In this study, C. chinense pruned plants at three stems increased its yield in fruit weight (25.8 %), g plant -1 (26.3 %) and t ha -1 (26.3 %), contrary to reported by Bartz et al (2017), López-Gómez et al (2020), and Vasquez-Velazquez et al (2022 in C. chinense. In this sense, the non-pruned plants achieved the bets yield (190.0 fruits plant -1 and 1220.0 g plant -1 ) in comparison to the pruned plants at three stems (35.0 fruits plant -1 and 313.0 g plan -1 , Bartz et al, 2017).…”

“…In this sense, the non-pruned plants achieved the bets yield (190.0 fruits plant -1 and 1220.0 g plant -1 ) in comparison to the pruned plants at three stems (35.0 fruits plant -1 and 313.0 g plan -1 , Bartz et al, 2017). In other study by López-Gómez et al (2020) informed that the pruned plants at three stems achieved the lower (68.6 fruits plant -1 ) yield in comparison to unpruned plants (278.6 fruits plant -1 ). More recently, Vasquez-Velazquez et al (2022) reported that there were not significant differences in the yield of C. chinense plants pruned at two (148.03 fruits plant -1 and 1279.7 g plant -1 ), three (165.5 fruits plant -1 and 1357.0 g plant -1 ) and four stems (152.6 fruits plant -1 and 1293.0 g plant -1 ).…”

“…All these abilities of T. harzianum could be involved in improving the growth of C. chinense, including plant height. By other side, the pruning at three stems has been demonstrated that increase the plant height in C. chinense in 31.6 %, according to López-Gómez et al (2020). The studies in relation to pruning in C. chinense are not extensive, mostly the studies with this factor have been carried out in Capsicum annuum; in this regard, Aydin et al (2022) reported that C. annuum plants pruned to three and four stems increased their height by 25.5 and 23.9 %, respectively.…”

“…Probably, this discrepancy in the results is due to the varieties or hybrids, which have been genetically selected for certain characteristics such as resistance to pests (i. e. Bemisia tabaci) or tolerance to heavy soils. Some studies cited here are developed with varieties that adapt to specific regions such as the northeast (Jaguar variety, López-Gómez et al, 2020) and southeast (C. chinense landraces, Chiquini-Medina et al, 2019;Vasquez-Velazquez et al, 2022) of Mexico. Likewise, we do not rule out the possibility that the plant trilling, which consists of guiding the branches (or stems) of the C. chinense plant upwards, is playing an important role in crop yield.…”