Renewable biofuel production from biomass: a review for biomass pelletization, characterization, and thermal conversion techniques

Younis, Manar; Alnouri, Sabla Y.; Tarboush, Belal J. Abu; Ahmad, Mohammad Norazmi

doi:10.1080/15435075.2018.1529581

Cited by 34 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 138 publications

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“…It should be kept in mind that in the different processes of transformation of biomass into other combustible substances, also produce pollutants that are discharged into the environment. These include particles, carbon dioxide and monoxide, sulfur compounds, nitrogen oxides and solid and liquid waste [40]. However, unlike fossil fuels, carbon dioxide originating in the combustion process of biomass is returned to the atmosphere, from where it was taken during its generation.…”

Section: Co 2 Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Date Seeds (Phoenix dactylifera L.) Valorization for Boilers in the Mediterranean Climate

et al. 2019

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: Energy saving is a global priority, as it is helping both energy and environmental sustainability by reducing CO2 emissions. The search for new energy solutions is therefore necessary. In the Mediterranean climate, resources are generally scarce, and all energy sources need to be explored, including biomass from agricultural or industrial waste. There is a clear upward trend in date worldwide production, having doubled its world production in the last 10 years, and this trend is particularly relevant for Mediterranean climate countries, especially in North Africa and nearby countries. This study analyzes the properties associated with the date seed (Phoenix dactylifera L.) to evaluate its suitability and viability as a new biofuel. Specifically, the viability of replacing the existing gas boiler in a university building in the south of Spain with a system of biomass boilers using this biomass was analyzed as a case study. The results reveal that this biomass has HHV values very similar to those of other biomass sources, 19.121 MJ/kg. With the replacement of the gas boiler by a biomass that uses the date seed, a reduction of 95 tons of CO2 per year is obtained and an economic saving of more than 66% is achieved. In short, this work opens new perspectives for the use of this biomass of date seed in boilers and it is an efficient solution for large public buildings such as the buildings of Mediterranean climate universities.

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Section: Co 2 Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Date Seeds (Phoenix dactylifera L.) Valorization for Boilers in the Mediterranean Climate

et al. 2019

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“…Wood contains approximately 50% of moisture at harvest which is higher than that of agricultural wastes (20%) [214]. Moisture content of different lignocellulosic biomass types, including wood, agricultural wastes, and energy crops, measured by proximate analysis revealed that approximately 7-15% moisture is present in lignocellulosic materials at equilibrium conditions [215]. However, this value may not be taken in absolute terms, since the moisture content of lignocellulosic materials depends on the relative humidity, temperature, and pressure of the surrounding atmospheric conditions [216].…”

Section: Tree Barks and Other Lignocellulosic Materials: Chemical Difmentioning

confidence: 95%

State-of-the-Art Char Production with a Focus on Bark Feedstocks: Processes, Design, and Applications

Şen

Pereira

2021

Processes

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In recent years, there has been a surge of interest in char production from lignocellulosic biomass due to the fact of char’s interesting technological properties. Global char production in 2019 reached 53.6 million tons. Barks are among the most important and understudied lignocellulosic feedstocks that have a large potential for exploitation, given bark global production which is estimated to be as high as 400 million cubic meters per year. Chars can be produced from barks; however, in order to obtain the desired char yields and for simulation of the pyrolysis process, it is important to understand the differences between barks and woods and other lignocellulosic materials in addition to selecting a proper thermochemical method for bark-based char production. In this state-of-the-art review, after analyzing the main char production methods, barks were characterized for their chemical composition and compared with other important lignocellulosic materials. Following these steps, previous bark-based char production studies were analyzed, and different barks and process types were evaluated for the first time to guide future char production process designs based on bark feedstock. The dry and wet pyrolysis and gasification results of barks revealed that application of different particle sizes, heating rates, and solid residence times resulted in highly variable char yields between the temperature range of 220 °C and 600 °C. Bark-based char production should be primarily performed via a slow pyrolysis route, considering the superior surface properties of slow pyrolysis chars.

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“…The feedstocks (untreated and physically-treated EFB bers) were shredded, dried and pulverized to meet the required size and moisture content as a feeding material for pelletizing process. Moisture content and particle size of the feedstocks are two important parameters affecting pellet durability and bulk density [13]. For e cient pelletisation, many studies have suggested the allowable maximum limit of moisture content and particle size to be < 15% wt.% and 5 mm [31,13].…”

Section: Production Trials and Physical Characteristics Of Raw Materimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The process can be part of integrated biore nery concept within existing palm oil mills. De ned as mechanical densi cation, the process involves raw material pre-treatment for size and moisture reduction, and compression of loose biomass into higher density and more uniform fuel using at die or ring die pelletizer [13]. Woody biomass pellet typically has a bulk density of 200 -650 kg m -3 , <3 cm in length (L) and 1 cm in diameter (D) [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production and Characterization of Low-ash Empty Fruit Bunches (EFB) Pellets as a Solid Biofuel

Nasrin

Loh

Sukiran

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Fuel quality is among the major issues encountered for commercial production and utilisation of oil palm-based biomass pellets from empty fruit bunches (EFB). In this study, a physical treatment, namely sieving and water washing, was applied to EFB prior to densification using an industrial-scale plant. The physiochemical properties of the produced EFB pellets were compared with those without physical treatment as the control. The results showed that the physical treatment process had significantly enhanced the fuel properties of EFB pellets, particularly in reducing ash content. Both the treatments; sieving alone and a combined sieving and water washing of the feedstock managed to reduce the ash content of EFB pellets to < 4 wt.% and < 2 wt.%, respectively compared to > 5 wt.% of typical commercial EFB pellets. The reduction in ash content improved the calorific value of pellets to > 17.5 MJ kg-1 which signified achieving a milestone for oil palm biomass-based heat and power generation from technical, operational, economic and environmental points of view. The findings also indicated that the combined sieving and water washing treatment method could potentially reduce further the unwanted ash-inducing elementals in EFB pellets, in particular chlorine and potassium. This study demonstrated that the employed physical treatment is an immediate and cost-effective practical commercial approach to improve the fuel properties of EFB pellets.

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Renewable biofuel production from biomass: a review for biomass pelletization, characterization, and thermal conversion techniques

Cited by 34 publications

References 138 publications

Date Seeds (Phoenix dactylifera L.) Valorization for Boilers in the Mediterranean Climate

Date Seeds (Phoenix dactylifera L.) Valorization for Boilers in the Mediterranean Climate

State-of-the-Art Char Production with a Focus on Bark Feedstocks: Processes, Design, and Applications

Production and Characterization of Low-ash Empty Fruit Bunches (EFB) Pellets as a Solid Biofuel

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