Renewable chemical feedstocks from peanut shell liquefaction: Preparation and characterization of liquefied products and residue

Abstract

The objective of this investigation is to liquefy peanut shell for the preparation of aromatic polyol‐rich products. The influences of reaction parameters are discussed. It is found that, compared to single‐solvent, the mixture of polyethylene glycol and glycerol as solvents shows higher liquefaction efficiency. And the maximum liquefaction yield of 98.7 wt % can be achieved when the sulfuric acid content, mass ratio between polyethylene glycerol, glycerol, and peanut shell powder, liquefaction temperature, and time are 17 wt % (relative to peanut shell), 8/2/1, 150 °C, and 2 h, respectively. Furthermore, the solubility test result indicates that the liquefied products are fully soluble in the water and polyol. Meanwhile, the properties of the peanut shell and liquefaction residue were analyzed by means of attenuated total reflectance‐Fourier transform infrared spectroscope, thermal gravity analysis, and scanning electron microscope. The polysaccharide is degraded by the cleaving of C–O bond, and the lignin is decomposed by leaving the dominant linkages including β‐O‐4, 4‐O‐5, and dibenzodioxocin units. The fibers in the peanut shell are broken, and the nondegraded components in the residue lost their network structure. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 44162.

Open-Cell Rigid Polyurethane Foams from Peanut Shell-Derived Polyols Prepared under Different Post-Processing Conditions

“…As previously reported, foams prepared from BBPs could be used in thermal insulating materials with properties comparable to those of commercial products [8,11]. Agricultural residues such as crop straws and hulls, containing abundant polysaccharide and lignin with ample phenolic hydroxyl groups, are valuable biomass resources, which could be effectively converted into BBPs, as reported previously [31,32].…”

Anti-flammability, mechanical and thermal properties of bio-based rigid polyurethane foams with the addition of flame retardants

“…The bio-based polyols were derived from the liquefaction of peanut shells as reported in our previous work. 28…”

“…[22][23][24] Moreover, plant bers, such as woods, crop straws and shells, were also successfully transformed into polyols through liquefaction by alcohol solvents. [25][26][27][28] Therefore, the RPUF prepared with bio-based polyols and novel ame retardants is necessary to be investigated for meeting the application requirements of the ame-retardant materials.…”

Effect of auxiliary blowing agents on properties of rigid polyurethane foams based on liquefied products from peanut shell

“…Liquefied products from peanut shell as bio‐based polyol have been prepared and tested in the previous work . Properties of liquefied products are listed in Table .…”

“…Peanut shell can be liquefied by polyethylene glycol (PEG) 400 and glycerol with an acid as catalyst to prepare bio‐based polyol as reported in our previous work . Generally, the PEG400 and glycerol are suitable raw materials for synthesizing rigid PU foams .…”