Renewable Electricity Futures for the United States

Mai, Trieu; Hand, M.; Baldwin, Samuel F.; Wiser, Ryan; Brinkman, Gregory; Denholm, Paul; Arent, Doug; Porro, Gian; Sandor, Debra; Hostick, Donna J.; Milligan, Michael; DeMeo, E.; Bazilian, Morgan

doi:10.1109/tste.2013.2290472

Cited by 182 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…However, utilities and grid operators often argue that today's power systems cannot accommodate significant variable wind and solar supplies without failure (1). Several studies have addressed some of the grid reliability issues with high WWS penetrations (2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21), but no study has analyzed a system that provides the maximum possible long-term environmental and social benefits, namely supplying all energy end uses with only WWS power (no natural gas, biofuels, or nuclear power), with no load loss at reasonable cost. This paper fills this gap.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-cost solution to the grid reliability problem with 100% penetration of intermittent wind, water, and solar for all purposes

Jacobson

Delucchi

Cameron

et al. 2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

368

175

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This study addresses the greatest concern facing the large-scale integration of wind, water, and solar (WWS) into a power grid: the high cost of avoiding load loss caused by WWS variability and uncertainty. It uses a new grid integration model and finds low-cost, no-load-loss, nonunique solutions to this problem on electrification of all US energy sectors (electricity, transportation, heating/cooling, and industry) while accounting for wind and solar time series data from a 3D global weather model that simulates extreme events and competition among wind turbines for available kinetic energy. Solutions are obtained by prioritizing storage for heat (in soil and water); cold (in ice and water); and electricity (in phase-change materials, pumped hydro, hydropower, and hydrogen), and using demand response. No natural gas, biofuels, nuclear power, or stationary batteries are needed. The resulting 2050-2055 US electricity social cost for a full system is much less than for fossil fuels. These results hold for many conditions, suggesting that low-cost, reliable 100% WWS systems should work many places worldwide.energy security | climate change | grid stability | renewable energy | energy cost W orldwide, the development of wind, water, and solar (WWS) energy is expanding rapidly because it is sustainable, clean, safe, widely available, and, in many cases, already economical. However, utilities and grid operators often argue that today's power systems cannot accommodate significant variable wind and solar supplies without failure (1). Several studies have addressed some of the grid reliability issues with high WWS penetrations (2-21), but no study has analyzed a system that provides the maximum possible long-term environmental and social benefits, namely supplying all energy end uses with only WWS power (no natural gas, biofuels, or nuclear power), with no load loss at reasonable cost. This paper fills this gap. It describes the ability of WWS installations, determined consistently over each of the 48 contiguous United States (CONUS) and with wind and solar power output predicted in time and space with a 3D climate/weather model, accounting for extreme variability, to provide time-dependent load reliably and at low cost when combined with storage and demand response (DR) for the period 2050-2055, when a 100% WWS world may exist. Materials and MethodsThe key to this study is the development of a grid integration model (LOADMATCH). Inputs include time-dependent loads (every 30 s for 6 y); timedependent intermittent wind and solar resources (every 30 s for 6 y) predicted with a 3D global climate/weather model; time-dependent hydropower, geothermal, tidal, and wave resources; capacities and maximum charge/ discharge rates of several types of storage technologies, including hydrogen (H 2 ); specifications of losses from storage, transmission, distribution, and maintenance; and specifications of a DR system. Loads and Storage. CONUS loads for 2050-2055 for use in LOADMATCH are derived as follows. Annual CONUS loads are first e...

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-cost solution to the grid reliability problem with 100% penetration of intermittent wind, water, and solar for all purposes

Jacobson

Delucchi

Cameron

et al. 2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

368

175

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The all-pass filter is a powerful tool that has been used in other fields like audio processing, speech coding, and time delay estimation [15]- [16]. The general form of an analog first order all-pass filter is shown in (1). Its main feature is that it provides unit gain for all frequencies (2) and the phase response is given by (3).…”

Section: A Quadrature Signal Generator (Qsg)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…LECTRICITY demand has been continuously increasing during last years and is expected to keep rising [1]. One of the environmental priorities for the following decade is shifting to a low CO2 generation scenario.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quadrature signal generator based on all-pass filter for single-phase synchronization

Blanco

Reigosa

Briz

et al. 2014

2014 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE)

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Abstract-Precise calculation of the grid voltage magnitude and phase is required for the operation of distributed power generation (DPG) systems. While the general concepts involved in the synchronization of single-phase and three-phase systems are the same, the practical implementation can differ substantially, the single-phase case being more challenging. Phase-locked-loop (PLL) based methods have been widely used for the synchronization of single-phase systems. These methods can be roughly grouped into methods that use a quadrature signal generator (QSG) and methods that implement a singlephase PLL. One drawback of single-phase PLL methods is that they usually produce a component at twice the fundamental frequency that needs to be removed. On the contrary, QSG methods do not induce such component, enabling therefore the use of three-phase PLLs. On the other hand, the phase error usually depends on the input magnitude for both methods. This paper proposes a QSG based single-phase synchronization technique that overcomes the aforementioned limitations of both single-phase PLLs and QSGs. It will be shown that the proposed method accurately estimates the magnitude and phase of the microgrid/grid fundamental voltage with high dynamic response, even under high distorted conditions.

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“…For example, previous investigations have shown that high levels of VG penetration, when considered as must run-must take generation [2], increases reserve requirements [3], degrades the metrics of control performance standards [4], and increases the chances of curtailment [5]. To address these challenges, the integration of alternative resources (e.g., storage, demandside control), and the design of new ramp capability products via multi-interval scheduling, have been proposed as potential solutions [6,7]. The idea of the latter is to position resources to manage future ramp events via forward scheduling.…”

Section: A Challenges Of An Isolated Power Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variability assessment of solar and wind resources in Puerto Rico

Figueroa-Acevedo

Irizarry-Rivera

2014

2014 International Conference on Probabilistic Methods Applied to Power Systems (PMAPS)

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The integration of bulk solar and wind generation into the electric power network of Puerto Rico introduces new operational and economic challenges. When local atmospheric conditions deteriorates and causes unexpected mismatches in short-term forecasts, the electric network will be subjected to strong active power ramp events that online generation units may not be able to support and manage. Uncertainties in the variability of the net-load prediction may result in over-commitment of rapid-response resources. Additionally, from the perspective of a variable generation developer, these events may increase the chances of curtailment. Thus, quantifying the intensity and frequency of these events in a spatial-temporal framework, and evaluating its interaction with electricity demand, should provide a better understanding of the impact that bulk intermittent generation will have on the rest of the existing generation portfolio of the island.Characterizing the variability of solar and wind ramp events in Puerto Rico, and its effect on the power system capability to adapt, is the main scope of this investigation. By synthesizing solar radiation and wind speed data sets, a one-year renewable energy time series was re-created by means of Markov Chain Processes. The spatial-temporal characteristics of solar and wind energy ramp events in the island were evaluated and the impact of these events on the existing inter-hour requirements was quantified for the 12%, 15% and 20% yearly renewable generation targets. Results have shown that predictable ramp events will create most of the challenges at sunset, mostly due to the fact that intermittent generation will ramp down continuously as electricity demand increases. Meanwhile, for the 15% and 20% targets, VG will be detrimental during off-peak hours, when base-load units are expected to be committed to their minimum operational limits.

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Renewable Electricity Futures for the United States

Cited by 182 publications

References 7 publications

Low-cost solution to the grid reliability problem with 100% penetration of intermittent wind, water, and solar for all purposes

Low-cost solution to the grid reliability problem with 100% penetration of intermittent wind, water, and solar for all purposes

Quadrature signal generator based on all-pass filter for single-phase synchronization

Variability assessment of solar and wind resources in Puerto Rico

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