Renewable energy and employment in Germany

Lehr, Ulrike; Nitsch, Joachim; Kratzat, Marlene; Lutz, Christian; Edler, Dietmar

doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2007.09.004

Cited by 265 publications

(166 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The economic impacts of these expenditures, from construction and installation to operation and maintenance, could be significant, particularly on a small regional economy like Scotland: indeed, as we have already noted, the scale of the investment relative to the host region suggests it should indeed be regarded as a regional mega-project. Input-output (IO) analysis, (originating with Leontief, 1941;see Miller and Blair (1985) for a review) continues to be the most widely employed method of assessing the impact of major new expenditures on regional economies in general and the impacts of expenditures in establishing renewable energy capacity in particular (Arthur D. Little, 2005;O'Herlihy and Co, 2006;Flynn and Carey, 2007;Lehr et al, 2008). However, this approach assumes that the region is characterised by substantial excess capacity and involuntary unemplo yment so that the regional economy can expand without putting any upward pressure on wages and prices (and the supply side of the economy therefore reacts passively to changes in demand).…”

Section: Outline Of Our Modelling Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

Concurrent and legacy economic and environmental impacts from establishing a marine energy sector in Scotland

et al. 2008

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We examine the economic and environmental impact that the installation of 3GW of marine energy capacity would have on Scotland. This is not a forecast, but a projection of the likely effects of meeting the Scottish Government's targets for renewable energy through the development of a marine energy sec tor.Energy, with a particular focus on renewables, is seen by the Scottish Government as a "key sector", with high growth potential and the capacity to boost productivity (Scottish Government, 2007a, p. 40). The key nature of this sector has seen targets established for renewable energy, to achieve environmental and economic benefits. Using a regional computable general equilibrium (CGE) model of Scotland we show that the development of a marine energy sector can have substantial impacts on GDP and employment over the lifetime of the devices, given encouragement of strong indigenous inter-industry linkages. Furthermore, there are also substantial "legacy" effects that persist well beyond the design life of the devices.

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Section: Outline Of Our Modelling Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

Concurrent and legacy economic and environmental impacts from establishing a marine energy sector in Scotland

et al. 2008

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“…For producers of renewable energy technologies, the legislation provided them with a home market advantage and led to the emergence of an innovative industry (Cantner et al 2016; Lauber and Jacobsson 2016; Welfens and Lutz 2012; Yu, Popiolek, and Geoffron 2016). For electricity-consuming firms, the renewable energy policy in Germany resulted in a constant increase in electricity prices and provided an incentive to invest into own electricity producing facilities based on renewable energy (particularly photovoltaic energy and biomass) (Frondel et al 2010, 2010; Lehr et al 2009; Lipp 2007). The trend to increasing electricity prices has been reinforced by an ecological tax reform in 1999, including the introduction of a new electricity tax.…”

Section: The Policy Environment In the Specific Countriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The adoption of green energy technologies: The role of policies in Austria, Germany, and Switzerland

Woerter

Stucki

Arvanitis

et al. 2017

International Journal of Green Energy

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We contribute to the existing research about policy-induced technology adoption in several ways. First, we suggest a new survey design to measure the energy-related policy environment. Second, we simultaneously estimate the policy effects for the adoption propensity and the adoption intensity simultaneously and, third, we compare the policy effects in the three countries, Austria, Germany, and Switzerland. Based on a representative sample of firms for all three countries we find that policies essentially promote the adoption of technologies and they are practically ineffective for the intensity, which poses a great challenge to future policy designs. Voluntary agreements or demand-related factors are among the most important drivers for the adoption propensity of green energy technologies. Given the current institutional framework in the surveyed countries, subsidies are more effective in Austria, taxes are more effective in Germany, and demand-related factors are relatively more effective in Switzerland.

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“…(Wei et al 2010). However, after considering net employment impacts across the entire economy, as impacted by energy prices and other outcomes, and after accounting for jobs losses in the fossil sectors, and export opportunities, studies have come to conflicting findings about whether or not net gains or losses in employment might be anticipated (e.g., Hillebrand et al 2006;Lehr et al 2008). At a minimum, net employment, Gross National Product, and balance of trade impacts are clearly sensitive to many assumptions, including future energy prices and renewable energy cost reductions, the capacity to export new technology, and whether or not GHG emissions reductions are presumed mandatory.…”

Section: Achieving An 80% Renewable Electricity Future In the Face Ofmentioning

confidence: 99%

Renewable Electricity Futures Study. Volume 1: Exploration of High-Penetration Renewable Electricity Futures

Mai¹,

Wiser²,

Sandor³

et al. 2012

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Volume 1 of 4NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC. Volume 2 PDF Volume 3 PDF Volume 1 PDF Volume 4 PDF Renewable Electricity Futures Study Edited ByHand, M.M. National Renewable Energy LaboratoryBaldwin, S. U.S. Department of EnergyDeMeo, E. Renewable EnergyConsulting Services, Inc.Reilly, J.M. Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyMai, T. National Renewable Energy LaboratoryArent, D. Joint Institute for Strategic Energy AnalysisPorro, G. National Renewable Energy LaboratoryMeshek, M. National Renewable Energy LaboratorySandor, D. Printed on paper containing at least 50% wastepaper, including 10% post consumer waste. National Renewable Energy Laboratory Suggested Citations Renewable Electricity Futures Study Volume 1: Exploration of High-Penetration Renewable Electricity Futures iii PerspectiveThe Renewable Electricity Futures Study (RE Futures) provides an analysis of the grid integration opportunities, challenges, and implications of high levels of renewable electricity generation for the U.S. electric system. The study is not a market or policy assessment. Rather, RE Futures examines renewable energy resources and many technical issues related to the operability of the U.S. electricity grid, and provides initial answers to important questions about the integration of high penetrations of renewable electricity technologies from a national perspective. RE Futures results indicate that a future U.S. electricity system that is largely powered by renewable sources is possible and that further work is warranted to investigate this clean generation pathway. The central conclusion of the analysis is that renewable electricity generation from technologies that are commercially available today, in combination with a more flexible electric system, is more than adequate to supply 80% of total U.S. electricity generation in 2050 while meeting electricity demand on an hourly basis in every region of the United States.The renewable technologies explored in this study are components of a diverse set of clean energy solutions that also includes nuclear, efficient natural gas, clean coal, and energy efficiency. Understanding all of these technology pathways and their potential contributions to the future U.S. electric power system can inform the development of integrated portfolio scenarios. RE Futures focuses on the extent to which U.S. electricity needs can be supplied by renewable energy sources, including biomass, geothermal, hydropower, solar, and wind.The study explores grid integration issues using models with unprecedented geographic and time resolution for the contiguous United States. The analysis (1) assesses a variety of scenarios with prescribed levels of renewable electricity generation in 2050, from 30% to 90%, with a focus on 80% (with nearly 50% from variable wind and solar photovoltaic generation); (2) identifies the characteristics of a U.S. electricity system that would be needed...

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Renewable energy and employment in Germany

Cited by 265 publications

References 9 publications

Concurrent and legacy economic and environmental impacts from establishing a marine energy sector in Scotland

Concurrent and legacy economic and environmental impacts from establishing a marine energy sector in Scotland

The adoption of green energy technologies: The role of policies in Austria, Germany, and Switzerland

Renewable Electricity Futures Study. Volume 1: Exploration of High-Penetration Renewable Electricity Futures

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