Renewable energy in five South East Asian countries: Review on electricity consumption and economic growth

Bakhtyar, B.; Sopian, Kamaruzzaman; Sulaiman, Muhammad Azwadi; Ahmad, Siti Aznor

doi:10.1016/j.rser.2013.05.058

Cited by 33 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…As demonstrated in the literature [6] and [7], there is a positive relationship between economic growth and energy demand in ASEAN.…”

Section: The Issue: a Paradox Of Brown Outlook Vs Green Visionmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…A recent paper [7] reports that five ASEAN countries (Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore and Thailand) has an energy capacity of 234 GW hydropower and 20 GW geothermal. It is predicted that hydropower projects from Cambodia, Laos, and Myanmar may provide 18.9 gigawatts (GW) of power for China, 7.68 GW for Thailand, and 5.1 GW for Vietnam in 2025 [15].…”

Section: Strengths: Endowment Of Low Carbon Energy Resourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, a recent study has found that there is no relationship between the potential of renewable energy and its generation. In some countries, the share of renewable energy in the total energy mix has declined, which implies that renewable energy was underutilized and the green policy was not properly designed [7].Additionally, given its favorable climate, Southeast Asia as a region, is also highly suitable for solar photovoltaics (PV) and bioenergy, including in countries such as otherwise resourcepoor Singapore. Indonesia, Malaysia and Thailand are the worlds' largest producers and 5 exporters of palm oil, a key source of biodiesel [19].…”

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confidence: 99%

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The future of ASEAN energy mix: A SWOT analysis

Shi

2016

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

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This paper assesses competing outlooks for energy mix in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), highlighting the paradox of its fossil fuel-dominated outlooks when contrasted with its aspirations to move toward a green energy mix, and reviews green energy strategies using the SWOT (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats) analysis method. The paper argues that despite the looming brown outlooks due to the expected surge of coal, the ASEAN region has many advantages in providing cleaner energy for its green vision. However, reduction of CO2 emissions has not been explicitly set in the region's policy agenda and thus green energy potential is underdeveloped. To achieve a greener energy mix, ASEAN needs to make further efforts such as cleaner use and removal of subsidies of fossil fuels, promotion of renewables and energy efficiency, regional market integration and connectivity, and execution of existing plans by nations. Ultimately, each of these strategies will require sustained leadership, political determination, and concrete actions from stakeholders, in particular, national governments across the region.Key Words: Southeast Asia; ASEAN; Energy Mix; Energy Outlook; SWOT Analysis 1.IntroductionThe current outlooks for the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) energy mix are brown: coal will have a growing share and CO2 emissions are expected to almost double between 2011 and 2035. With a rising population of 571 million in 2010 and economic growth resulting in an increasing share of global Gross Domestic Production (GDP), Southeast Asia is seeing rapid growth in its energy demand and is consequently shifting the center of gravity of world energy demand towards Asia, along with its neighbors China and India [1]. Such dramatic and rapid shifts create challenges in terms of providing for energy supply, energy security, and environmental management [2]. Consequently, conflicts between increasing energy use to sustain economic growth and mitigating adverse impacts on the environment-are emerging concerns in Southeast Asia that will linger on in the near future.Paradoxically, ASEAN has stated its aspiration to be "Green". Notably, however, actions that directly reduce Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions have not been incorporated in the current 1 Energy Studies Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore.Email: xunpeng.shi@gmail.com 1 energy sectorial action plan. In place of direct abatement policies, ASEAN has undertaken various actions to approach a green energy mix indirectly, with some of these programs going well but require continued progress, and others insufficient to meet their stated goals. This paper applies the "SWOT" analysis, which is popular in strategy studies, to examine the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats, of the ASEAN energy sector with regards to achieving green energy in the future. To the best of the Author's knowledge, such a strategic analysis of the ASEAN energy mix in the context of de-carbonization has not been presented in the...

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“…As demonstrated in the literature [6] and [7], there is a positive relationship between economic growth and energy demand in ASEAN.…”

Section: The Issue: a Paradox Of Brown Outlook Vs Green Visionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Section: Strengths: Endowment Of Low Carbon Energy Resourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The future of ASEAN energy mix: A SWOT analysis

Shi

2016

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

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“…Regarding the creation of specialized jobs (Bakhtyar et al, 2012b), this issue is a very valuable for Malaysia.…”

Section: Solar Industry and Political Economymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The game is essentially played in an atmosphere with no perfect knowledge; in such a way that in the most time scales and in different circumstances, there are not the same strategies for countries like Malaysia which are involved in the solar industry and in many cases the same thing cannot be prescribed for different problems. The profitability of a producing country such as China or an active chain in the solar industry does not necessarily mean losses for Malaysia (Bakhtyar et al, 2013a). Unpredictable events and circumstances constantly threaten the supply chain and value chain; and manufacturers and rivals are not completely aware of each other's situation and the global competition and policies which are ahead of them (Shapley and Shubik, 1969).…”

Section: Solar Industry and Political Economymentioning

confidence: 99%

MOVING UP ON SOLAR INDUSTRY VALUE CHAIN: A RESPOND TO WORLD BANKâS PRESCRIPTION FOR MALAYSIA

Bakhtyar

Haw

Ibrahim

et al. 2014

American Journal of Economics and Business Administration

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The pressure due to the changes in supplying energy and its price in the international community is in such an extent that it encourages industrialized and developing countries in seeking self-sufficiency in energy production. As one of the leading in countries South East Asia Nations (ASEAN), Malaysia has taken planning and specific investment for the Solar Industry into consideration, besides paying attention to a variety of new and renewable energies. Given the diversity of processes in working on the development of Solar Industry, the World Bank has, through a comprehensive report, provided prescription with regard to the success of Malaysia in this industry. This paper presents an analysis of the study conducted by the World Bank. However, it shows that despite the detailed and comprehensive analysis of the value chain in the solar industry globally, assumptions and methods the World Bank about the solar industry in Malaysia suffers from several shortcomings and errors which can result in the lack of reliability and validity in its concluding remarks. Encouraging Malaysia to moving towards downstream industries for achieving more added value decrease the security of future investments in this industry in Malaysia also will raise the price of the final products and create crisis in the industry in the event of imbalance.

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Southeast Asian Energy Transformation: Is It Enough and Sustainable?

Morales¹,

Andréosso-O’Callaghan²

2020

Sustainable Development and Energy Transition in Europe and Asia

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Renewable energy in five South East Asian countries: Review on electricity consumption and economic growth

Cited by 33 publications

References 6 publications

The future of ASEAN energy mix: A SWOT analysis

The future of ASEAN energy mix: A SWOT analysis

MOVING UP ON SOLAR INDUSTRY VALUE CHAIN: A RESPOND TO WORLD BANKâS PRESCRIPTION FOR MALAYSIA

Southeast Asian Energy Transformation: Is It Enough and Sustainable?

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Renewable energy in five South East Asian countries: Review on electricity consumption and economic growth

Cited by 33 publications

References 6 publications

The future of ASEAN energy mix: A SWOT analysis

The future of ASEAN energy mix: A SWOT analysis

MOVING UP ON SOLAR INDUSTRY VALUE CHAIN: A RESPOND TO WORLD BANKâS PRESCRIPTION FOR MALAYSIA

Southeast Asian Energy Transformation: Is It Enough and Sustainable?

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Product

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MOVING UP ON SOLAR INDUSTRY VALUE CHAIN: A RESPOND TO WORLD BANKâS PRESCRIPTION FOR MALAYSIA