Renewable energy scenario and environmental aspects of soil emission measurements

Abstract

a b s t r a c tEuropean Commission has set clear targets for 2020 regarding energy and environment policy; these targets include 20% cut in greenhouse gas emissions against the 1990 levels. It is believed that adopted strategy has encouraged the renewable energy applications during the last two decades. Moreover, measurement deviations of carbon dioxide flux occurring in respiration chambers has been seen of a great importance to explain the biochemical parameters affecting the climate change issue. This is attributed on many occasions to chamber design constraints and the way they are coupled with the studied site location. This is illustrated by external disturbances whereby when they happen while gas measurements are taken measurement deviations become more evident. This paper surveys the different soil physical, biological and geotechnical parameters and links them to meteorological ones. Consequently it explores their direct and indirect effects to the produced soil efflux. Furthermore this paper proposes several soil temperature models according to the studied case constraints to see what affects soil efflux production. Moreover a clear understanding of what affects the measurement process was achieved through surveying all the internal and external pressure parameters and how they influence the chamber in relation to time. The conclusion is that respiration chamber designers need to preserve chamber internal temperature and pressure to be equal to the outer atmosphere for the case of stabile external conditions. For the case of unstable external conditions design counter measures are incorporated. Furthermore the appropriate gas sensor needs to be selected professionally with emphasis on the importance of installation location inside the chamber. Likewise soil bacterial type and soil temperature also has an influence on efflux production.

Plant Pest Detection Using an Artificial Nose System: A Review

“…The performance of E-noses in actual production environments needs to be studied using larger field trials. However, the environmental parameters of open fields, such as temperature, humidity, and background gas compositions [ 97 , 98 ], are uncontrollable and keep changing. Furthermore, the concentrations of many VOCs released from plants are very low and below the detection threshold of currently available E-noses.…”

A numerical and experimental study of a new design of closed dynamic respiration chamber

“…Hence we are interested in drawing out the gas mixture of air and carbon dioxide for the specified 6 minutes of the experiment from the soil O, A and B horizons. Due to that the measurement period is minutes the blowing fan intention is to create the suction affect to take out the stored carbon dioxide [17]. Production velocities of carbon dioxide within the soil layers are in the order of 10 −5 m/s to 10 −7 m/s.…”

“…7-The outside surface of the chamber should be able to reflect partially solar radiation [17]. Considering that each type of used chamber shell material has a predefined transmissivity property.…”

Prediction of the gas emission from porous media with the concern of energy and environment

“…In order to understand the rate of greenhouse gases accumulation and to measure or compare different control proposals, it is very important to measure accurately the greenhouse fluxes between the soil and the atmosphere [3,4]. Soil can be defined as a complex system, consisting of a mixture of organic and mineral particles, soil solution and air, resulting from the interaction between biotic and abiotic factors; it is the medium in which plants acquire water and nutrients through their roots system [5]. This results in a carbon dioxide efflux that flows out and forth from the biologically active soil layers.…”