Renewable green reactive diluent for bisphenol a epoxy resin system: curing kinetics and properties

Li, Jingyu; Zhao, Haichao; Sui, Guoxin

doi:10.1039/d2ra05160e

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…As it can be seen, the addition of monofunctional or difunctional reactive diluents has different effects in the mechanical properties of prepared vitrimers. The addition of monofunctional reactive epoxy diluents led to a decrease in all mechanical properties [24]. V1AR showed high brittleness and the specimens broke out of standard, discarding the material from further analysis.…”

Section: Tensile and Flexural Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the Effect of Network Structure and Disulfide Concentration on Vitrimer Properties

Azcune,

Elorza,

Ruiz de Luzuriaga

et al. 2023

Polymers

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A set of five vitrimers with glass transition temperatures in the range of 80–90 °C were designed to assess the effect of the network structure and disulfide concentration on their dynamic and mechanical properties, and to find the best performing system overall compared to the commercial Araldite LY1564/Aradur 3486 commercial thermoset system. Vitrimer networks were prepared by incorporating mono- and bifunctional epoxy reactive diluents and an amine chain extender into the Araldite LY1564/4-aminophenyldisulfide system.

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Section: Tensile and Flexural Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the Effect of Network Structure and Disulfide Concentration on Vitrimer Properties

Azcune,

Elorza,

Ruiz de Luzuriaga

et al. 2023

Polymers

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“…Eugenol has many reactive sites such as allyl, methoxyl, phenolic hydroxyl, and activated aromatic hydrogens, making it a good candidate for organic and polymer synthesis. , Especially, eugenol has been converted into a number of epoxy prepolymers having one, , two, − three and more − eugenol-derived blocks. In addition, several silicon-functionalized eugenol-based epoxy thermosetting systems are formulated by incorporating eugenol-functionalized polydimethylsiloxane, , trimethylsilanized eugenol glycidyl ether, , linear siloxane-bridged eugenol diglycidyl ether, − cyclic siloxane-connected eugenol-derived polyglycidyl ethers, − MQ-functionalized eugenol-based diglycidyl ethers, , POSS-functionalized eugenol diglycidyl ethers, , etc. However, only limited reports have addressed eugenol-based phenolic resins so far.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Siloxane-Functionalized Eugenol-Based Novolacs: from Facile Synthesis to Their Cured Bisphenol A Epoxy Thermosets with Superb Toughness and Thermal Stability

Li,

Duan,

et al. 2024

ACS Appl. Polym. Mater.

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Conventional bisphenol A (BPA) epoxy resins suffer from intrinsic brittleness and inferior toughness after being transformed into a highly cross-linked network by a curative, and almost all epoxy curatives are from nonrenewable petrochemicals. Here, a series of siloxane-functionalized eugenol-based novolacs is synthesized and applied as the curative and toughener for a standard BPA epoxy (E54). Eugenol and 1,1,3,3-tetramethyldisiloane are connected through hydrosilylation to yield a bisphenol (2SiEU), followed by acid-catalyzed copolycondensation with paraformaldehyde (F) in acetic acid according to the varied molar ratios of F to 2SiEU (X = 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, or 0.8) to afford the novolacs (2SiEUPF-X). As X increases, the aromatic hydrogens (Ph−H) of 2SiEU substituted by carbons (Ph−C) increases with increased viscosities and molecular weights of 2SiEUPF-X. Both the hydroxyl and the methoxyl on 2SiEU moieties could activate the ortho positions on the aromatic rings to facilitate carbocation attack. 2SiEUPF-X has good thermal stability (T d5% > 330 °C) and fluidity at 100 °C (<2 Pa•s). 2SiEUPF-X is able to cross-link E54 well, and T g of the resultant 2SiEUPF-X/E54 thermosets increases from 60.5 to 73.7 °C as X increases. The thermosets exhibit superior thermal stability (T d5% > 430 °C, N 2 ), moderate tensile (47−49 MPa) and flexural (78−90 MPa) strengths, good stiffness at room temperature, and low moisture absorption in boiling water (<2%). Furthermore, the thermosets display significantly enhanced fracture toughness (K IC ), fracture energy (G IC ), and V-notched Charpy impact strength of 2.9−3.2 MPa•m 1/2 , 3.4−4.9 kJ•m −2 , and 5.6−6.5 kJ•m −2 , respectively. Altogether, 2SiEUPF-X is readily accessible and endows the cured BPA epoxy thermosets with superb toughness and thermal stability, playing a role in advancing biobased epoxy chemistry and technology.

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Comparison of carbon‐reinforced composites manufactured by vacuum assisted resin infusion with traditional and fully recyclable epoxy resins

Tosto,

Saitta,

Barouni

et al. 2024

Polymer Composites

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This study presents a comparative analysis of carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites manufactured through vacuum assisted resin infusion (VARI) using a traditional epoxy resin (E), a fully‐recyclable epoxy resin system with (BBR10) and without (BBR) the addition of a reactive diluent (R*Diluent). Various mechanical and thermal tests were conducted to assess their performance. The BBR10 laminate, incorporating 10 wt% R*Diluent, exhibited competitive mechanical performance, comparable to traditional (E) and fully‐recyclable laminates (BBR). Despite a slightly lower ultimate tensile strength (UTS) compared with BBR, BBR10 demonstrated improved flexural strength and modulus. Low‐velocity impact testing confirmed comparable strength between VARI‐produced composites with the recyclable matrix (BBR and BBR10) and the traditional one (E). X‐ray mCT investigations revealed distinct void arrangements in the CFRP laminates. Additionally, a chemical approach was employed for recovering high fractions of fibers from CFRP laminates with a recyclable matrix (BBR and BBR10). Chemical recycling achieved an almost 100% yield for long carbon fibers.Highlights Comparative analysis of CFRP composites manufactured through VARI. Diluent addition allowed to tailor the recyclable epoxy viscosity. Mechanical characterization of traditional and fully recyclable epoxy resins. Investigation by X‐ray mCT of potential flaws and manufacturing defects. Chemical recycling of CFRP laminates with a recyclable matrix.

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Renewable green reactive diluent for bisphenol a epoxy resin system: curing kinetics and properties

Abstract: Hydrosilylation epoxidized eugenol (HSI-EP-EU) is successfully synthesized and used as a reactive diluent for epoxy/anhydride and epoxy/imidazole curing systems.

Cited by 5 publications

References 29 publications

Analysis of the Effect of Network Structure and Disulfide Concentration on Vitrimer Properties

Analysis of the Effect of Network Structure and Disulfide Concentration on Vitrimer Properties

Siloxane-Functionalized Eugenol-Based Novolacs: from Facile Synthesis to Their Cured Bisphenol A Epoxy Thermosets with Superb Toughness and Thermal Stability

Comparison of carbon‐reinforced composites manufactured by vacuum assisted resin infusion with traditional and fully recyclable epoxy resins

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