Renewable Hydrocarbons from Triglyceride's Thermal Cracking

Abstract

This chapter gives an overview of renewable hydrocarbon production through triglyceride's thermal-cracking process. The influence of feedstock characteristics and availability is discussed. It also presents issues about the reaction, the effect of operational conditions, and catalysts. A scheme of the reaction is presented and discussed. The composition and properties of bio-oil is presented for both thermal and catalytic cracking. The high content of olefins and the high acid index are drawbacks that require downstream processes. The reactor design, kinetics, and scale-up are opportunities for future studies. However, the similarity of bio-oil with oil turns this process attractive.

Acidity Reduction of Bio-Oil by Methylic Esterification Reactions

“…Some inconvenient properties such as high olefin and oxygen contents and a high acidity index (AI), create barriers to its full development and production at industrial scale [19] .…”

An improved isolation of trimyristin from Myristica fragrans as a renewable feedstock with assistance of novel cationic gemini surfactant

“…Among these feedstock sources, animal and vegetable-originated fats and oils are particularly remarkable (1,2). Vegetable oils are biomass that has the potential to replace many chemicals in oil refineries, and the main component of this biomass is triglycerides, also known as triacylglycerol (3). Triglycerides are receiving increased interest owing to their potential as a starting material for the production of biofuel and as a source for valuable renewable raw chemicals (4)(5)(6).…”

Evaluation of Distillation Curves for Bio-Oil Obtained From Thermal Cracking of Waste Cooking Oil

“…TG biomass has been the focus of several studies due to its similarity with fossil fuels. Bio-oil produced from TG source is composed mainly of hydrocarbons and contains less oxygenated compounds than bio-oil produced from lignocellulose (Wiggers et al, 2017;Stedile et al, 2015;Doronin et al, 2016). TG sources comprise lipid biomass, such as vegetable oils and animal fats, and have been successfully reported in the literature aiming at their thermochemical conversion to bio-oil.…”

“…Nevertheless, the determination of the physical and chemical properties of bio-oil is usually complex and expensive due to the large number of different compounds, which leads to barriers in the industrial application of thermal cracking (Butler et al, 2011). The determination of bio-oil properties is necessary to provide enough data to propose satisfactory kinetic mechanisms for the thermal cracking reaction, which may provide information on the operating conditions aiming at process development and scaling up studies (Wiggers et al, 2017) as well as investigations on co-processing operations with crude oil in a standard refinery plant (Beims et al, 2017). Hence, constructing the distillation curve could address these issues, since it is a key method for gathering information on complex mixtures such as bio-oil and petroleum.…”

“…The aim of this research was to apply the distillation curve in the characterization of bio-oil, based on a well-known method used in the petroleum industry. This could be an important support tool for bio-oil co-processing (Wiggers et al, 2017;Beims et al, 2017), process simulation and the design and scale-up of operations.…”