Renewable lubricants

Bart, J. C. J.; Gucciardi, Emanuele; Cavallaro, S.

doi:10.1533/9780857096326.1

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 13 publications

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“…Vegetable oils are typically used to create biolubricants because they have great applicationrelated qualities like very low toxicity and high biodegradability, as well as good lubricity, a high viscosity index, and good stability. Factors that have fueled global research and development of lubricants derived from renewable resources in order to promote their widespread use in a variety of applications (3,4). Vegetable oils do, however, have some technical shortcomings that need to be addressed, particularly those pertaining to stability and the constrained range of viscosity values that are now available.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trimethylolpropane based biolubricant synthesis from sweet almond (Prunusamygdalus dulcis) seed oil for use in automotive applications.

MUSTAPHA,

BABATUNDE,

AKİNOLA

et al. 2023

Journal of the Turkish Chemical Society Section A: Chemistry

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This paper presents a synthesis of a sweet almond oil-based trimethylolpropane biolubricant and the evaluation of its temperature-dependent viscosity properties. The oil was converted into biodiesel by the transesterification process after extraction, refining, and acid-alkaline transesterification. After that, biolubricant was produced by further transesterifying biodiesel with trimethylolpropane at 105 oC at a ratio of 3.9:1 for a 60-minute reaction time with a potassium hydroxide catalyst concentration of 1 wt. %. According to the American Standard Test Methods (ASTM), the biolubricant's pour point and index of viscosity were determined to be 267.50 and -4 oC, respectively. The measured viscosities were 42.80, 30.18, 21.39, 12.25, and 8.90 cSt. cSt at 30, 40, 60, 80, and 100 °C, demonstrating an inverse relationship between temperature and lubricant viscosity. The difference between the FTIR spectra of the biodiesel and the biolubricant—1755.74 cm-1 versus 1743.96 cm-1—verifies the ester group. Sweet almond oil has a higher iodine content than unsaturated glycerides (9.52 g of iodine per 100 g of oil sample) and includes 53.478 % more unsaturated fatty acids than saturated fatty acids, and 71.725 % unsaturated fatty acids for biolubricant according to gas chromatographic data. Linoleic acid made up the majority of the fatty acids in the oil and synthetic biolubricant, with percentages of 31.44 and 45.93 %, respectively. Sweet almond biolubricant and oil contained palmitic, linoleic, and oleic acids. The biolubricant has the potential to function as light gear oil for automobiles because its characterization results correlate favorably with the ISO VG-32 criteria

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trimethylolpropane based biolubricant synthesis from sweet almond (Prunusamygdalus dulcis) seed oil for use in automotive applications.

MUSTAPHA,

BABATUNDE,

AKİNOLA

et al. 2023

Journal of the Turkish Chemical Society Section A: Chemistry

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Evaluation of the lubricating power of sweet almond oil without additives

Delgado-Tobón

Chaparro

Cáceres

2018

DYNA

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En esta investigación se evaluó el poder lubricante del aceite de almendras dulces (Prunus amygdalus var. dulcis) mediante ensayos de desgaste preventivo (AW) y presión extrema (EP) en un tribómetro cuatro bolas. Los resultados obtenidos, se compararon con el comportamiento de dos aceites minerales de diferente viscosidad, blanco técnico y plastificante delta 360, sin aditivos. Se determinó que el aceite de almendras dulces posee mayor poder lubricante con respecto a los aceites minerales. Las esferas lubricadas con aceite de almendras presentaron menor diámetro promedio de la huella de desgaste y menor coeficiente de fricción. Además, el aceite de almendras dulces presentó mejor desempeño en condiciones de extrema presión, mostrando un punto de soldadura mayor que los aceites minerales. Finalmente, mediante el análisis por espectroscopia FT-IR, se determinó que en las condiciones en las que se realizaron los ensayos el aceite de almendras no se oxida.

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In-Situ Epoxidation of Waste Cooking Oil and Its Methyl Esters for Lubricant Applications: Characterization and Rheology

2021

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In the present investigation, in-situ epoxidation of waste cooking oil and its methyl esters was prepared, and the rheological behavior was analyzed for biolubricant applications. Rheological properties of the prepared epoxides were measured at a temperature of 25–100 °C, at a shear rate ranging from 5 to 300 s−1. As viscosity is one of the critical parameters for potential biolubricant applications, in the present study, the power-law model was used to investigate the flow behavior of the epoxides. The viscosity of epoxidized waste cooking oil and its methyl ester epoxides showed Newtonian flow behavior in the studied temperature range. Different shear rates (5–100, 5–300, 100–300 s−1) were studied to determine the shear rate dependency of the epoxidized waste cooking oil and its methyl ester epoxides at different temperatures. From the average viscosity values, it was shown that the epoxides show identical results at all shear rates. The dynamic viscosities of the epoxidized waste cooking oil and its methyl ester epoxides were found to be dependent on fatty acid chain length, unsaturation, and temperature. Detailed physicochemical characterization for epoxide waste cooking oil (EWCO) and epoxide waste cooking oil methyl esters (EWCOME) were carried out to evaluate the properties for suitable biolubricant applications using standard American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) and American Oil Chemists’ Society (AOCS) methods. Based on the viscosity for EWCO (278.9 mm2/s) and EWCOME (12.15 mm2/s) and viscosity index for EWCO (164.94) and EWCOME (151.97) of the prepared epoxides, they could complement the standard ISO vegetable grade (VG) lubricants in the market.

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Renewable lubricants

Cited by 3 publications

References 13 publications

Trimethylolpropane based biolubricant synthesis from sweet almond (Prunusamygdalus dulcis) seed oil for use in automotive applications.

Trimethylolpropane based biolubricant synthesis from sweet almond (Prunusamygdalus dulcis) seed oil for use in automotive applications.

Evaluation of the lubricating power of sweet almond oil without additives

In-Situ Epoxidation of Waste Cooking Oil and Its Methyl Esters for Lubricant Applications: Characterization and Rheology

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