Renewable Power Generation by Reverse Electrodialysis Using an Ion Exchange Membrane

Chanda, Sourayon; Tsai, Peichun Amy

doi:10.3390/membranes11110830

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 73 publications

(102 reference statements)

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“…Fouling is one of the most common problems in electrodialysis (ED) using ion exchange membranes (IEMs). In general, fouling is caused by the precipitation of foulants such as organics, colloids and biomass into IEMs and/or onto the surface of IEMs [ 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 ]. The fouling causes a decrease in the transport flux of ions due to fouling complications of the membrane, an increase in the membrane resistance and a loss in selectivity and thus affects negatively membrane properties and performance [ 15 , 16 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fouling and Mitigation Behavior of Foulants on Ion Exchange Membranes with Surface Property in Reverse Electrodialysis

Akter

Park

2023

Membranes

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In this study, two different types of ion exchange membranes are used to investigate the tendency of membrane fouling with respect to surface roughness and hydrophilicity. Commercially available membranes reinforced by electrospun nanofiber have rough and hydrophilic surfaces, and lab-made pore-filling membranes exhibit a smooth and hydrophobic surface. Three different organic surfactants (i.e., cationic, anionic and non-ionic surfactants) are chosen as foulants with similar molecular weights. It is confirmed that membrane fouling by electrical attraction mainly occurs, in which anionic and cationic foulants influence anion and cation exchange membranes, respectively. Thus, less fouling is obtained on both membranes for the non-charged foulant. The membranes with a rough surface show a higher fouling tendency than those with a smooth surface in the short-term continuous fouling tests. However, during the cyclic operations of fouling and mitigation of the commercially available membranes, the irregularities of a rough membrane surface cause a rapid increase in electrical resistance from the beginning of fouling due to excessive adsorption on the surface, but the fouling is easily mitigated due to the hydrophilic surface. On the other hand, the membranes with a smooth surface show alleviated fouling from the beginning of fouling, but the irreversible fouling occurs as foulants accumulate on the hydrophobic surface which causes membrane fouling to be favorable.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fouling and Mitigation Behavior of Foulants on Ion Exchange Membranes with Surface Property in Reverse Electrodialysis

Akter

Park

2023

Membranes

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“…The RED stack consists of alternately stacked cation-exchange membranes (CEMs) and anion-exchange membranes (AEMs) and is used to get the Gibbs energy released by mixing solutions of various concentrations. The power characteristic of the RED process depends on the membranes properties [ 1 , 3 , 10 , 11 , 12 ], the electrolyte solutions flow velocities across the RED stack [ 2 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 ], salinity ratio [ 13 , 14 , 16 , 17 ], the construction peculiarities of the RED stack [ 13 , 18 ], the solutions composition [ 16 , 19 , 20 ], and the temperature or its gradient [ 20 , 21 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Profiled Ion-Exchange Membranes for Reverse and Conventional Electrodialysis

Loza

Kutenko

et al. 2022

Membranes

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Profiled ion-exchange membranes are promising for improving the parameters of reverse electrodialysis due to the reduction of pumping power and electrical resistance. The smooth commercial heterogeneous cation-exchange MK-40 and anion-exchange MA-41 membranes were chosen as the initial membranes. Profiled membranes with three different types of surface profiles were obtained by hot pressing the initial membranes. The bilayer membranes were made on the basis of single-layer profiled membranes by casting MF-4SK film on the profiled surfaces. The diffusion permeability of all types of single-layer and bilayer profiled membranes was higher than of the initial ones due to the appearance of large defects on their surface during pressing. The conductivity of the profiled membrane was lower in the diluted solution and higher in the concentrated solution than of the initial one for all samples except for the bilayer anion-exchange membrane. The conductivity of that sample was lower than that of the initial anion-exchange MA-41 membrane over the entire range of studied concentrations. The counter-ion transport numbers for all studied membranes were calculated based on the concentration dependences of conductivity and diffusion permeability of the membrane by the microheterogeneous model. The selectivity of single layer and bilayer profiled membranes became lower after their profiling due to the increase of the solution phases of membranes. The asymmetry of the current-voltage curves for all single-layer and bilayer profiled membranes was found. The application of the single layer and bilayer profiled membranes in reverse electrodialysis did not lead to an increase in power density.

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“…Apart from the concentration difference between LC and HC streams, other operating conditions investigated are the flow velocity of the inlet streams and the solution temperature. The flow velocity of the LC stream was found to have a marginally positive impact on the potential at low speed [21,126], but the power output and conversion efficiency was shown to increase by 2.3 times and 10%, respectively, at high rate when convection effects become significant compared to diffusion [127]. Krakhella et al compared the performance of a RED stack at two different temperatures (i.e., 25 • C and 40 • C).…”

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confidence: 99%

Heat to Hydrogen by RED—Reviewing Membranes and Salts for the RED Heat Engine Concept

et al. 2021

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The Reverse electrodialysis heat engine (REDHE) combines a reverse electrodialysis stack for power generation with a thermal regeneration unit to restore the concentration difference of the salt solutions. Current approaches for converting low-temperature waste heat to electricity with REDHE have not yielded conversion efficiencies and profits that would allow for the industrialization of the technology. This review explores the concept of Heat-to-Hydrogen with REDHEs and maps crucial developments toward industrialization. We discuss current advances in membrane development that are vital for the breakthrough of the RED Heat Engine. In addition, the choice of salt is a crucial factor that has not received enough attention in the field. Based on ion properties relevant for both the transport through IEMs and the feasibility for regeneration, we pinpoint the most promising salts for use in REDHE, which we find to be KNO3, LiNO3, LiBr and LiCl. To further validate these results and compare the system performance with different salts, there is a demand for a comprehensive thermodynamic model of the REDHE that considers all its units. Guided by such a model, experimental studies can be designed to utilize the most favorable process conditions (e.g., salt solutions).

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Renewable Power Generation by Reverse Electrodialysis Using an Ion Exchange Membrane

Cited by 4 publications

References 73 publications

Fouling and Mitigation Behavior of Foulants on Ion Exchange Membranes with Surface Property in Reverse Electrodialysis

Fouling and Mitigation Behavior of Foulants on Ion Exchange Membranes with Surface Property in Reverse Electrodialysis

Profiled Ion-Exchange Membranes for Reverse and Conventional Electrodialysis

Heat to Hydrogen by RED—Reviewing Membranes and Salts for the RED Heat Engine Concept

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