Renewables

Kent, Robin

doi:10.1002/peng.20026

Cited by 21 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…It is estimated that PV systems could cover up to 15% of the electricity demand in 2030, about 400 GW. Recent studies in the EU recommend more active support from policymakers, regulators, and the power sector in order to enable the EU to increase its share of PV and meet its goal [9]. Great benefits will be obtained if deep PV penetration in the electricity grids takes place early [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent studies in the EU recommend more active support from policymakers, regulators, and the power sector in order to enable the EU to increase its share of PV and meet its goal [9]. Great benefits will be obtained if deep PV penetration in the electricity grids takes place early [9]. The mass penetration of PV systems will support the competitiveness of the EU markets, increase employment, and provide a greater power security [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modular Multilevel Converters for Large-Scale Grid-Connected Photovoltaic Systems: A Review

Alotaibi

Darwish

2021

Energies

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The use of photovoltaic (PV) systems as the energy source of electrical distributed generators (DG) is gaining popularity, due to the progress of power electronics devices and technologies. Large-scale solar PV power plants are becoming the preferable solution to meet the fast growth of electrical energy demand, as they can be installed in less than one year, as compared to around four years in the case of conventional power plants. Modular multilevel inverters (MMIs) are the best solution to connect these large-scale PV plants to the medium-voltage (MV) grid, due to their numerous merits, such as providing better power quality, having higher efficiency, providing better reliability, and their scalability. However, MMIs are still progressing and need some improvement before they can be implemented safely in the industrial, medium, and high voltage networks. The main purpose of this paper is to review the present MMIs topologies when used in PV applications. The review aims to present a comprehensive study of the various recent submodule circuits associated with MMI topologies. Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control schemes for PV inverters will be explored extensively. Then, the different control strategies of PV MMIs will be presented and compared to give a holistic overview of the submodules balancing techniques, ranges, and capabilities under balanced and unbalanced grid conditions. In addition, the paper will discuss the future of PV MMIs systems in electricity networks.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modular Multilevel Converters for Large-Scale Grid-Connected Photovoltaic Systems: A Review

Alotaibi

Darwish

2021

Energies

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“…[20] According to the International Energy Agency (IEA), the global biodiesel production was 41 billion L in 2019 and is estimated to increase to 46 billion L by 2025, which will also increase the glycerol production. [21] Advantageously, glycerol is a high boiling liquid, non-flammable and non-toxic in comparison to other alcohols such as methanol. [22] Moreover, glycerol can also be used as an important precursor for the production of various fine chemicals such as lactic acid, glyceric acid, glycolic acid, propanediol, ethylene glycol, and so on.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Considering that glycerol constitutes 10 wt% of biodiesel, a gradual increase in biodiesel production also resulted in a huge production of glycerol [20] . According to the International Energy Agency (IEA), the global biodiesel production was 41 billion L in 2019 and is estimated to increase to 46 billion L by 2025, which will also increase the glycerol production [21] . Advantageously, glycerol is a high boiling liquid, non‐flammable and non‐toxic in comparison to other alcohols such as methanol [22] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selective Hydrogen Production from Glycerol over Ruthenium Catalyst

et al. 2022

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Glycerol – one of the prominent by‐products of biodiesel is also an important source of hydrogen gas. Herein, the efficient and selective production of hydrogen gas from glycerol in water at 90–120 °C over a ruthenium nanoparticle (∼2.7 nm) catalyst is demonstrated. Notably, high yield of hydrogen gas (n(H2)/n(glycerol); 0.96–1.61) was achieved from the glycerol‐water solution, where the reaction temperature and base concentration played crucial role in achieving high yield of H2. Advantageously, under the studied reaction conditions, the ruthenium catalyst also exhibited appreciably high long‐term stability for over 36 h while generating ca. 70 L H2 per gram of Ru with H2 yield of 350 L per L of glycerol. Moreover, high yield for lactic acid is also achieved during the production of hydrogen gas from glycerol.

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“…[6] Based on data published by the International Hydropower Association in 2021, only this renewable source produced 4,379 TWh as the highest contribution ever generated by a renewable power source [11]. As for hydroelectricity, the International Energy Agency (IEA) projects that it continues to be the main source of energy, but the share will drop below 50% for the first time in 2024 because it will combine wind, and solar generation to almost double to slightly above 4,000 TWh over the forecast period [12].…”

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confidence: 99%

Hydropower Development in Three South American Countries: Brazil, Colombia, and Ecuador

Naranjo-Silva

Punina-Guerrero

Barros-Enriquez

et al. 2023

IJEE

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The present manuscript aims to identify the advantages and consequences of hydropower development, showing a view of trends finding the status and situation in Brazil, Colombia, and Ecuador. This study uses a non-experimental methodology based on a comprehensive literature review of relevant papers retrieved from 41 selected papers that are summarized covering different application areas in these selected countries. In addition, the non-experimental methodology is guided by a perspective design sequential with a qualitative phase defining two indicators that do a relation between the people and the installed capacity in megawatts (MW) and energy production in gigawatts hour (GWh). The results show Colombia has the main installed capacity and energy generation per capita, followed by Ecuador, and finally, Brazil. According to the models and studies, the general hydropower potential of Brazil, Colombia, and Ecuador decreases as time goes on because this renewable energy affects the water quality, interacting deeply with the surrounding environment. However, in South American countries only 34% of hydropower potential has developed.

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Renewables

Cited by 21 publications

References 0 publications

Modular Multilevel Converters for Large-Scale Grid-Connected Photovoltaic Systems: A Review

Modular Multilevel Converters for Large-Scale Grid-Connected Photovoltaic Systems: A Review

Selective Hydrogen Production from Glycerol over Ruthenium Catalyst

Hydropower Development in Three South American Countries: Brazil, Colombia, and Ecuador

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