Renin Activity in Dog Brain: Enzymological Similarity to Cathepsin D

Day, Richard P.; Reid, Ian A.

doi:10.1210/endo-99-1-93

Cited by 101 publications

(33 citation statements)

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“…One possibility is that the generation of angiotensin I may be catalyzed by some enzyme other than renin. In fact, both cathepsin D and kallikrein have been shown to be able to generate angiotensin II from angiotensinogen (28,29). However, the pH optimum for angiotensin formation by both the lysosomal cathepsins and by kallikrein is in the acid range, around pH 4-5, which is far lower than the neutral pH found to be optimal for the interaction of renin with species-specific angiotensinogen (30).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Renin and renin mRNA in proximal tubules of the rat kidney.

M¹,

Harris²,

Rose³

et al. 1994

J. Clin. Invest.

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The present study was undertaken to assess the presence of renin enzymatic activity and renin mRNA in proximal tubules of rat kidneys, and to determine the effect of converting enzyme inhibition (CEI) on proximal tubule renin gene expression. Proximal convoluted tubules (PCT), proximal straight tubules (PST), outer medullary collecting ducts (OMCD), and glomeruli (Gloms) were isolated by microdissection. Renin activity was measured in sonicated segments by radioimmunoassay. Renin mRNA levels were assessed using a quantitative PCR. Renin activity in PCT averaged 51± 15 IAGU/mm compared to 405±120 ,uGU/ glomerulus. No measurable renin activity was found in PST and OMCD. Renin activity in both glomeruli and tubules had the same pH optimum, between 7.0 and 7.5. Renin mRNA was consistently detectable in cDNA prepared from PCT and PST, although its abundance per mm tubule was about 1/500th that found in one glomerulus. Renin mRNA was not detectable in OMCD. Tubular renin PCR product identity was confirmed by restriction digestion. CEI administration increased glomerular renin activity and renin mRNA, but not proximal tubular renin. The absence of a stimulatory effect of CEI on proximal tubule renin gene expression suggests the operation of different intracellular signals in control of renin synthesis in the proximal tubule than in the vascular compartment. (J. Clin. Invest. 1994. 94:237-243.)

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Renin and renin mRNA in proximal tubules of the rat kidney.

M¹,

Harris²,

Rose³

et al. 1994

J. Clin. Invest.

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“…Considerable debate exists in the literature concerning the identity of renin-like enzymes (based upon the ability to generate angiotensin I) in extra- (Day and Reid, 1976;Dorer et al, 1978;Ganten et al, 1976;Hackenthal et al, 1978;Skeggs et al, 1969). Pseudorenin and isorenin (Skeggs et al, 1969), an angiotensin-forming enzyme with an acidic pH optimum, are widely distributed in mammalian tissues.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Specific antibody to hog renal renin and its application to the direct radioimmunoassay of renin in various organs.

Hirose¹,

Workman²,

Inagami³

1979

Circulation Research

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SUMMARY We produced anti-hog renin antibodies using as antigens pure hog renal renin that either had been insolubilized or conjugated to tetanus toxoid. High titer antibodies were obtained, which demonstrated different cross-reactivity with renins from other species. A direct radioimmunoassay for renin was developed using antibody, monoiodinated lu I-hog renin, and various methods for separating free and antibody-bound trace. This assay was capable of detecting 40 pg of hog renin and was applied to the determination of renin in hog blood and other organs. Based on the direct measurement of renin by this radioimmunoassay, the renin-like activity (i.e., the ability to generate angiotensin I from renin substrate preparations) of the pituitary gland was found to be due mostly to true renin, whereas the renin activity of other hog tissues, including the adrenal gland, liver, lung, spleen, and submaxillary gland, was not identified as renin and may have been due to cathepsins. Cire Ret 45: 275-281, 1979

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“…However, the existence of a central angiotensin-forming pathway in vivo is controversial (5). Receivedfor publication 26 March 1985. because brain tissue contains an acid protease similar to cathepsin D, a lysosomal enzyme that cleaves angiotensinogen to produce angiotensin I at acidic pH (6). Recently, independent investigators have shown the existence in brain and in neuroendocrine glands of a protease resembling kidney renin that acts on renin substrate at neutral pH (7,8).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution of renin activity and angiotensinogen in rat brain. Effects of dietary sodium chloride intake on brain renin.

Genain¹,

Loon²,

Kotchen³

1985

J. Clin. Invest.

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the biochemistry and the regulation of the brain renin-angiotensin system in the Sprague-Dawley rat. Renin activity and angiotensinogen concentrations (direct and indirect radioimmunoassays) were measured in several brain areas and in neuroendocrine glands. Regional renin activities were measured in separate groups of rats on high and low NaCl diets. Mean tissue renin activities ranged from 2.2±0.6 to 54.4±19.7 fmol/mg protein per h (mean of 7±SD), with the highest amounts in pineal, pituitary, and ponsmedulla. NaCl depletion increased renin activity in selected regions; based on estimates of residual plasma contamination (despite perfusion of brains with saline), increased renin activity of pineal gland and posterior pituitary was attributed to higher plasma renin. To eliminate contamination by plasma renin, 16-h-nephrectomized rats were also studied. In anephric rats, NaCl depletion increased renin activity by 92% in olfactory bulbs and by 97% in anterior pituitary compared with NaCI-replete state. These elevations could not be accounted for by hyperreninemia. Brain renin activity was low and was unaffected by dietary NaCl in amygdala, hypothalamus, striatum, frontal cortex, and cerebellum. In contrast to renin, highest angiotensinogen concentrations were measured in hypothalamus and cerebellum. Overall, angiotensinogen measurements with the direct and the indirect assays were highly correlated (n = 56, r = 0.96, P < 0.001). We conclude that (a) NaCl deprivation increases renin in olfactory bulbs and anterior pituitary of the rat, unrelated to contamination by plasma renin; and (b) the existence of angiotensinogen, the precursor of angiotensins, is demonstrated by direct radioimmunoassay throughout the brain and in neuroendocrine glands.

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Renin Activity in Dog Brain: Enzymological Similarity to Cathepsin D

Cited by 101 publications

References 0 publications

Renin and renin mRNA in proximal tubules of the rat kidney.

Renin and renin mRNA in proximal tubules of the rat kidney.

Specific antibody to hog renal renin and its application to the direct radioimmunoassay of renin in various organs.

Distribution of renin activity and angiotensinogen in rat brain. Effects of dietary sodium chloride intake on brain renin.

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