Renin-angiotensin system and cardiovascular homeostasis in adrenal insufficiency

Berns, Arnold S.; Pluss, Richard G.; Erickson, A. L.; Anderson, Rebecca J.; McDonald, Keith M.; Schrier, Robert W.

doi:10.1152/ajprenal.1977.233.6.f509

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…However, the degree of arterial pressure reduction by captopril in our studies is well within the range observed by administration of saralasin to glucocorticoid or mineralocorticoid-deficient dogs. 13 In conclusion, the direct participation of vasopressin for maintenance of arterial pressure in experimental adrenal insufficiency in the rat has been demonstrated by use of a specific antagonist of the vascular action of this hormone. In addition, the activity of the reninangiotensin system has been confirmed in this model.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…1 - 3 The direct contribution of the renin-angiotensin system 13 and vasopressin 6 to the maintenance of arterial pressure has been recently quantified in adrenalectomized dogs. Our studies provide evidence that both peptide vasoconstrictors have a substantial effect in preserving arterial pressure in adrenalectomized rats.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As the presence of hypovolemia in salt-fed adrenalectomized rats is controversial (see above), an increase in plasma renin activity may be attributed to reduced arterial pressure 22 or to the lack of a possible direct inhibitory effect of troversial (see above), an increase in plasma renin activity may be attributed to reduced arterial pressure 22 or to the lack of a possible direct inhibitory effect of mineralocorticoids on renin release. 23 Saralasin, an angiotensin II receptor antagonist, reduces arterial pressure in adrenalectomized dogs 13 and in uninephrectomized adrenalectomized rats with or without Goldblatt hypertension. 24 The present studies document a significant depressor effect of captopril, a converting enzyme inhibitor, in adrenalectomized rats with intact kidneys.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Maintenance of arterial pressure by vasopressin and angiotensin II after adrenalectomy.

Elijovich¹,

Kirchberger²,

Barry³

et al. 1983

Hypertension

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SUMMARY Participation of vasopressin arid the renin-anglotensin system in the maintenance, of systemic arterial pressure was evaluated in unanesthetized adrenalectomized rats. Adrenalectomized and sham-operated rats with implanted arterial and venous catheters were given 1% sodium chloride and 2.5% glucose as drinking fluid for 72 hours following adrenalectomy. Serum and urine samples were obtained for measurement of electrolyte and solute concentration. The pattern of serum electrolytes, serum osmolality, and renal excretion of electrolytes, solute, and water observed in the adrenalectomized rats was entirely consistent with previous observations in this model. Mean arterial pressure of unanesthetized unrestrained adrenalectomized rats was significantly lower than controls. In adrenalectomized rats, dPMeTyrAVP reduced mean arterial pressure 9 ± 1 mm Hg, p < 0.001; captopril then caused an additional reduction of 17 ± 2 mm Hg, p < 0.01. Neither antagonist altered arterial pressure in the control group. Our results indicate that vasopressin and the renin-angiotensin system play a compensatory pressor role in adrenal insufficiency, preventing a larger decrease of arterial pressure in this model of chronic hypotension. son's disease) and adrenalectomized animals have a tendency to arterial hypotension. Activation of the renin-angiotensin pressor. system is a well-documented compensatory mechanism in both clinical and experimental adrenal insufficiency.1 -2 Circulating levels of vasopressin are elevated in clinical adrenal insufficiency 3 and in experimental forms of glucocorticoid and/or mineralocorticoid deficiency.4 " 6 A compensatory role for the pressor effect of vasopressin has been described in experimentally induced hypovolemic states such as dehydration in the rat 7 and hemorrhage in the dog 8 ' 9 by means of the use of specific antagonists of this hormone. Recently, it has been established that the increased circulating levels of vasopressin in adrenal insufficiency in dogs are high enough to exert a pressor effect. 6 We evaluated the contributions of both vasopressin and the renin-angiotensin system to maintenance of systemic arterial pres- sure in rats with experimental adrenal insufficiency by use of specific antagonists. Evidence is presented that both peptide systems participate in controlling arterial pressure in this model. MethodsFemale Sprague Dawley rats with an approximate weight of 250 g were placed in individual metabolic cages for a 3-day period of habituation after whicl v they underwent either adrenalectomy or sham adrerialectomy through a lumbar incision. Surgery was carried out during anesthesia with ketamine (100 mg/kg ip). At this time a Tygon (Norton) catheter was inserted into the left carotid artery and advanced to the thoracic descending aorta. Two catheters were inserted in the left jugular vein and advanced to the superior vena cava, just proximal to the right atrium., All three catheters were exteriorized at the back of the heck, filled with heparin (100 U/ml), and capped with pl...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Maintenance of arterial pressure by vasopressin and angiotensin II after adrenalectomy.

Elijovich¹,

Kirchberger²,

Barry³

et al. 1983

Hypertension

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“…Although, during CA therapy, almost all patients had low serum cortisol levels of less than 5 pg/dl, none of them had clinical signs of adrenal insufficiency [2], Sev eral studies in man and in experimental animals have shown that renin secretion increases in adrenal failure [9][10][11][12], Stockight et al [13] reported that in glucocorti coid deficiency with preservation of normal aldosterone secretion, renin substrate was very low with normal renin activity, while in predominant mineralocorticoid deficiency, the substrate remained normal with mark edly high renin activity. Reid et al [11] reported that in adrenalectomized dogs, the selective replacement with aldosterone led to a decrease in PRA and renin substrate.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Cyproterone Acetate on Active and Inactive Renin Secretion in Patients with Precocious Puberty and Genetic Short Stature

Ohyama

Fujimoto²,

Nakagomi³

et al. 1991

Horm Res

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To evaluate the effect of cyproterone acetate (CA) on the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone axis, we measured the plasma active, inactive and total renin concentrations (PARC, PIRC and PTRC) during and after CA treatment in patients with precocious puberty and genetic short stature. CA was administered at a daily dose of 150–170 mg/m² in all subjects. PARC and PTRC were measured by immunoradiometric assays. During CA treatment, PARC, PIRC, PTRC and the PARC/PTRC ratio were significantly decreased. The plasma renin activity, measured by enzymatic assay, and the plasma aldosterone concentration were also decreased. After CA discontinuation, all of these were increased immediately along normal ranges. PARC closely correlated with plasma renin activity. These results suggest that CA produces mineralocorticoid action and suppresses the production and activation of renin.

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“…1 " 3 In the absence of adrenal function, angiotensin II contributes to the maintenance of arterial pressure. 4 We have recently demonstrated that sodium chloride infusion fails to suppress plasma renin concentration (PRC) in the adrenalectomized rat, whereas PRC was suppressed by vascular volume expansion with albumin. 5 Responsiveness to sodium chloride loading was restored by administration of dexamethasone.…”

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confidence: 99%

Mechanism of increased renin release in the adrenalectomized rat. Adrenal insufficiency and renin.

Welch¹,

Ott²,

Guthrie³

1983

Hypertension

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SUMMARY We have previously suggested that inhibition of renin release by sodium chloride is related to absorptive chloride transport in the loop of Henle. Infusion of sodium chloride fails to inhibit renin release in the adrenalectomized (Adx) rat, and dexamethasone restores renin responsiveness to sodium chloride. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the relationship between loop function (urinary diluting and concentration capacity) and plasma renin concentration (PRC) in the Adx rat. After hypotonic sodium chloride infusion, free water clearance (C H^, ) of Adx rats (0.56 ml/ hr/100 g ± 0.17 SE) was decreased (p < 0.01) compared to controls (2.86 ml/hr/100 g ± 0.29 SE); PRC of Adx rats (61.9 units/ml ± 11.2 SE) was increased (p < 0.01) above controls (6.0 units/ml ± 1.7 SE). These differences persisted after administration of d(CH 2 ) 5 Tyr(Et)VAVP, a potent ADH antagonist. In separate groups of animals, after water deprivation, urine concentration of Adx rat (1,401 mOsm/kg ± 45 SE) was less (p < 0.01) than that of controls (2,117 mOsm/kg ± 169 SE). Dexamethasone normalized both C H 0 and urinary concentrating ability and also decreased PRC in Adx rats. Thus, in the glucocorticoid deficient rat, increased renin release is associated with impaired loop function. The loop defect may account for high PRC that is not suppressed by sodium chloride. 4 We have recently demonstrated that sodium chloride infusion fails to suppress plasma renin concentration (PRC) in the adrenalectomized rat, whereas PRC was suppressed by vascular volume expansion with albumin.5 Responsiveness to sodium chloride loading was restored by administration of dexamethasone. We have suggested that increased renin release and the lack of response to sodium chloride in the adrenalectomized rat is related to impaired function of the loop of Henle. The purpose of the present study is to evaluate the relationship between PRC and loop function in the adrenalectomized rat. Free water clearance (C H 0 ) and the capacity to maximally concentate unne were measured as indices of loop function. Methods PRC, C H20 , and maximum urinary concentrating capacity were determined in three groups of male Sprague Dawley rats: adrenalectomized rats (Adx); adrenalectomized rats treated with dexamethasone (Adx + Dex); and sham-operated controls. In each protocol, Adx or sham surgery was carried out 7 days before the acute study. Adx was performed under pentobarbital (50 mg/kg) anesthesia through bilateral retroperitoneal incisions, and total adrenalectomy was subsequently confirmed by measurement of plasma corticosterone concentrations. Sham-operated animals were treated identically, except that the adrenal glands were located but not removed.During the 7 days after Adx or sham surgery, animals were maintained in individual metabolic cages and fed normal rat chow (240 uEq Na + /g, 430 uEq K + / g, 270 uEq Cl"/g) according to a paired feeding protocol. Adx + Dex and sham were fed 1 day behind the Adx group. Both Adx and Adx + Dex drank 0.9% sodium chlorid...

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Renin-angiotensin system and cardiovascular homeostasis in adrenal insufficiency

Cited by 10 publications

References 10 publications

Maintenance of arterial pressure by vasopressin and angiotensin II after adrenalectomy.

Maintenance of arterial pressure by vasopressin and angiotensin II after adrenalectomy.

Effect of Cyproterone Acetate on Active and Inactive Renin Secretion in Patients with Precocious Puberty and Genetic Short Stature

Mechanism of increased renin release in the adrenalectomized rat. Adrenal insufficiency and renin.

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