Renoprotective effect of calycosin in high fat diet-fed/STZ injected rats: Effect on IL-33/ST2 signaling, oxidative stress and fibrosis suppression

Pharmacotherapy against Oxidative Stress in Chronic Kidney Disease: Promising Small Molecule Natural Products Targeting Nrf2-HO-1 Signaling

“…Sinapic acid prevented STZ-induced DKD in rats by attenuating inflammation and OS through upregulating Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathways [132]. Calycosin ameliorated kidney injury and dysfunction in HFD-fed/STZ-induced diabetic rats by inhibiting inflammation, and OS through modulating the IL33/ST2, NF-κB, and Nrf2 signaling pathways [114]. ↓FN, ↓vimentin, ↓α-SMA, ↑ E-cadherin, ↑ZO-1, ↓MMP9, ↓ROS, ↑Nrf2 [152] AGEs, advanced glycation end products; AngII, angiotensin II; α-SMA, α-smooth muscle actin; AT1/2R, angiotensin II receptor type 1/2; CAT, catalase; CIN, contrast induced nephropathy; CKD, chronic kidney disease; COX2, cyclooxygenase 2; CRAD, chronic renal allograft dysfunction; DHE, dihydroethidium; DKD, diabetic kidney disease; EMT, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition; eNOS, endothelial nitric oxide synthase; FSGS, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis; γ-GCS, γ-glutamine cysteine synthase; GPx, glutathione peroxidase; GR, glutathione reductase; GSK3β, glycogen synthase kinase 3β; GST, Glutathione-S-transferase; HFD, high fat diet; HG, high glucose; HIF, hypoxia-inducible factor; HMGB1, high-mobility group box 1; HO-1, Heme oxygenase-1; iNOS, inducible nitric oxide synthase; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; LN, lupus nephritis; LPS, lipopolysaccharide; MCP-1, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1; MDA, malondialdehyde; MDCK, Madin-Darby canine kidney; MMP, matrix metalloproteinase; NLRP3, NLR family pyrin domain containing 3; Nqo1, NADPH quinone oxidoreductase; Nrf2, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2; OS, oxidative stress; ox-LDL, oxidized low-density lipoprotein; RAS, renin-angiotensin system; SOD, superoxide dismutase; STZ, Streptozotocin; UUO, unilateral ureteral obstruction.…”

Tiliacora triandra extract and its major constituent attenuates diabetic kidney and testicular impairment by modulating redox imbalance and pro‐inflammatory responses in rats

“…1 Diabetes mellitus is a chronic, devastating, lifelong and costly metabolic disease that occurs due to the inability of the pancreas to produce insulin or due to the inability of the cells in the body to effectively use the insulin produced and it is clinically manifested by chronic hyperglycaemia, insulin resistance and alterations in carbohydrate and protein metabolism. 2,3 Most of the mortality and morbidity cases associated with diabetes is as a result of hyperglycaemia induced secondary complications affecting vital organs including the kidney (diabetic nephropathy), eyes (diabetic retinopathy), nerves (diabetic neuropathy), legs (diabetic foot), heart (cardiovascular disease) and the reproductive organs. 4,5 The kidney and testes are two organs that are grossly affected by diabetes and several reports have shown that more than 40% of diabetic patients eventually develop complications of the kidney or testicular dysfunction during their lifetime.…”

Astragalus mongholicus Bunge and Panax notoginseng (Burkill) F.H. Chen Formula for Renal Injury in Diabetic Nephropathy—In Vivo and In Vitro Evidence for Autophagy Regulation

“…Not only Astragaloside IV but also other extracts from Astragalus mongholicus Bunge, such as flavonoids and polysaccharides, have significant protective effects on tissue damage through antioxidant mechanisms (Shahzad et al, 2016). Calyosin, which is one of the main components of Astragalus mongholicus Bunge, can significantly improve STZinduced renal injury and dysfunction by regulating the IL-33/ ST2 signaling pathway, inflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress, and fibrosis (Elsherbiny et al, 2019). Among the many standard ingredients that we successfully tested, Ferulic acid is one of the main components of Angelica sinensis (Oliv.)…”