Renoprotective effect of Caralluma fimbriata against high-fat diet-induced oxidative stress in Wistar rats

Abstract

The current study was designed to evaluate the renoprotective effect of hydro-alcoholic extract of Caralluma fimbriata (CFE) against high-fat diet-induced oxidative stress in Wistar rats. Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups: control (C), control treated with CFE (C + CFE), high-fat diet fed (HFD), high-fat diet fed treated with CFE (HFD + CFE), and high-fat diet fed treated with metformin (HFD + metformin). CFE was orally administered (200 mg/kg body weight) to Groups C + CFE and HFD + CFE rats for 90 days. Renal functional markers such as, urea, uric acid, and creatinine levels in plasma were quantified during the experimental period. At the end of the experimental period, activities of transaminases and oxidative stress markers, i.e., reduced glutathione (GSH), lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation, and activities of antioxidant enzymes were assayed in renal tissue. Coadministration of CFE along with HF-diet in Group HFD + CFE prevented the rise in the levels of plasma urea, uric acid, and creatinine, and elevated activities of renal transaminases with decreased protein content of Group HFD (p < 0.05). Establishment of oxidative stress in Group HFD, as evident from elevated lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation levels with depleted levels of GSH, and decreased activities of GSH dependent and independent antioxidant enzymes, was prevented in Groups HFD + CFE and HFD + metformin rats. Further, there were no deviations in the studied parameters but there was improved antioxidant status of Group C + CFE from Group C which revealed the nontoxic nature of CFE even under chronic treatment. Thus, CFE treatment effectively alleviated the HF-diet induced renal damage. Hence, this plant could be used as an adjuvant therapy for the prevention and/or management of HF-diet induced renal damage.

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“…The lower activities of SOD and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) showed in obesity compared to a healthy condition and was accompanied by higher malondialdehyde (MDA, as a lipid peroxidation marker) level. [42][43][44] Additionally, high expression of nitric oxide (NO) showed in OA patients and as a proinflammatory mediator, it positively correlated with OA development. 45 In many cases, osteoarthritis is accompanied by joint swelling and pain.…”

Free-radical-scavenging and antioxidant capacities with special emphasis on enzyme activities andin vitrostudies inCaralluma flavaN. E. Br.

“…Similarly, the plant C. tuberculata also contains potential secondary metabolite molecules [41]. Recently, Gujjala et al [42] showed an appreciable amount of polyphenolic compounds in C. fimbriata followed by saponins and flavonoids.…”

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“…[50] Caralluma fimbriata A study on quantitative and qualitative analysis of phytochemical as well as nutritional analysis of the aqueous extract of C. fimbriata was carried out by Padwal et al [51] C. fimbriata extract was proved to be very useful to prevent and manage the oxidative stress in kidneys, based on the evaluation of renoprotective effect of its aqueous alcohol extracts on Wistar rats. [52] Ethanolic extracts of C. fimbriata were found to possess a significant antimutagenicity as these extracts inhibited the reversion created by direct mutagens such as hydroxylamine, ethidium bromide, and sodium azide. [53] S. typhimurium was used in these studies for determination of antimutagenicity.…”

“…fimbriata Antioxidant capacity [31] Antiadipogenesis [100] Antiproliferative properties [67] Anthelmintic [34] Caralluma adscendens var. Gracilis Antioxidant, antimicrobial, and cytotoxic [101] Caralluma arabica Antioxidant [38] Antioxidant and lipoxygenase inhibitory [39] Antigastric ulcer and cytoprotective [102] Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory [20] Antihyperglycemic [103] Caralluma attenuata Anthelminthic and antitubercular [40] Antidiabetic [104] Cytotoxic [68] Antidiabetogenic and antioxidant [41] Hypoglycemic [42] Hyperglycemic [105] Antihyperglycemic [43] Anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive [21] Caralluma cicatricose Hepatoprotective [44] Caralluma dalzielii Ameliorative effect [45] Analgesic and anti-inflammatory [46] Antidiabetic [106] Caralluma diffusa Cytotoxic [68] Caralluma edulis Antioxidant [47] Antidiabetic [48] Antioxidant [107] Caralluma fimbriata Antimutagenic [53] Renoprotective [52] Antimicrobial [54]…”