Renoprotective Effect ofCoccinia indicaFruits and Leaves in Experimentally Induced Diabetic Rats

Abstract

Diabetic nephropathy is one of the secondary complications of diabetes mellitus that is marked by changes in extracellular matrix components leading to end-stage renal failure. Diet plays an important role in managing diabetes. In the present study, the effect of Coccinia indica consumption on diabetes-mediated kidney damage was determined. Both control and diabetic rats were fed with AIN-76 diet supplemented with C. indica fruits and leaves individually at 10% and 5%, respectively, for a period of 2 months. Various parameters, such as fasting blood glucose, urine sugar, albumin excretion, kidney index, and glomerular filtration rate, were ameliorated to various extents by the supplementation of C. indica in the diet. Additionally, diabetic rats fed with diet supplemented with C. indica fruits or leaves showed improvement in glucose tolerance compared to control diabetic rats. They also exhibited beneficial effects on key antioxidant enzymes of the kidney. Furthermore, an increase in laminin and fibronectin as a result of diabetes was alleviated in C. indica-fed rats. These results indicate that the consumption of C. indica is beneficial in partially containing diabetes-mediated deleterious effects on the kidney.

Antioxidant, antiglycation and insulinotrophic properties of Coccinia grandis (L.) in vitro: Possible role in prevention of diabetic complications

“…Triterpenes present in the toluene extract of C. indica were shown to reduce alloxan-induced β-cell damage and increase insulin secretion. Oral administration of pectin isolated from C. indica fruits was shown to have a significant hypoglycemic effect in normal rats 53 . Pectin is a soluble fiber that affects blood glucose levels either by decreasing the transit time or indirectly through the production of short chain fatty acids 38, 39.…”

Improvement of spatial learning and memory, cortical gyrification patterns and brain oxidative stress markers in diabetic rats treated with Ficus deltoidea leaf extract and vitexin

“… 36 , 37 In order to prevent drug-induced hypoglycemic shock, the rats were given prophylactic 5% glucose water for 2 days following STZ injection. 38 After a week, animals with fasting blood glucose levels >11 mmol/L were considered diabetic. 39 …”

Mechanisms of Herbal Nephroprotection in diabetes mellitus

“…integrin-linked kinase, EMT, MMP-9/TIMP-1 ratio [127] ( 10 Journal of Diabetes Research 12 Journal of Diabetes Research ↓: decreased/prevented the increase (of activity (for enzymes)/level (for biochemical parameters))/inhibited/inactivated/blocked/suppressed/downregulated (about pathways, enzymes, receptors, cytokines, etc. ); ↑: increased/prevented the decrease (of activity (for enzymes)/level (for biochemical parameters))/stimulated/activated/upregulated; →: [172], Chlorella pyrenoidosa [173], Cladophora glomerata [34], Coccinia indica [111], coconut water [61], Cordyceps militaris [114], Cornus officinalis [47], curcumin [79], dihydroquercetin [48], Dioscorea bulbifera [96], diosgenin [62], ellagic acid [37], emodin § [94], Flammulina velutipes [53], Fragaria × ananassa [89], Huangqi decoction [36], Hypericum perforatum [31], Paederia foetida [78], Paeonia emodi [63], palm oil and rice bran oil [50], Panax notoginseng [35], Panax quinquefolium [82], Panax quinquefolium [83], Physalis angulata [64], Pleurotus eryngii polysaccharides [57], Prunella vulgaris [84], Punica granatum [32], quercetin [49], Ramulus mori [77], Rheum ribes [175], secoisolariciresinol diglucoside [88], Spirogyra neglecta [176], Tangke decoction [116], Terminalia chebula [33] Insulin resistance…”

“…Abelmoschus manihot [104], berberine [121], berberine [85], berberine [117], cocoa enriched with polyphenols [110], Cordyceps militaris [114], Coreopsis tinctoria [72], dihydroquercetin [48], Hydrangea paniculata [59], Hypericum perforatum [31], myricetin [157], Paeonia lactiflora [120], Panax quinquefolium [82], Prunella vulgaris [84], Psoralea corylifolia [115], Zea mays anthocyanins [70], Shen-Yan-Fang-Shuai Formula [80], triptolide [133], astragaloside IV [131] Fibronectin (-)-Epicatechin 3-O-gallate and (-)-epigallocatechin 3-O-gallate [81], (+)-catechin [46], berberine [85], berberine [117], Coccinia indica [111], cocoa enriched with polyphenols [110], Coreopsis tinctoria [72], dihydroquercetin [48], ellagic acid [37], emodin [153], Hydrangea paniculata [59], Hypericum perforatum [31], myricetin [157], Paeonia suffruticosa [109], Panax quinquefolium [82], Psoralea corylifolia [115], rhein [113], Shen-Yan-Fang-Shuai Formula [80], triptolide [133] Crocin [73] Podocyte slit diaphragm proteins (nephrin, podocin, and synaptopodin) Puerarin [60] Podocin Crocin…”