Reorganization of North Atlantic Marine Copepod Biodiversity and Climate

Beaugrand, Grégory; Reid, Philip C.; Ibañez, Frédéric; Lindley, J. A.; Edwards, Martin

doi:10.1126/science.1071329

Cited by 1,002 publications

(700 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…In the oceans, satellite-derived changes in the area of the subtropical gyres [e.g., Polovina et al, 2008], changes in chlorophyll a [e.g., McClain et al, 2004;Gregg et al, 2005], changes in primary productivity [e.g., Behrenfeld et al, 2006], and shifts in species ranges from in situ measurement [e.g., Beaugrand et al, 2002;Beaugrand and Reid, 2003] are suggested as signs of an altered marine environment.…”

Section: Final Commentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Winners and losers: Ecological and biogeochemical changes in a warming ocean

Dutkiewicz

Scott

Follows

2013

Global Biogeochemical Cycles

158

173

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[1] We employ a marine ecosystem model, with diverse and flexible phytoplankton communities, coupled to an Earth system model of intermediate complexity to explore mechanisms that will alter the biogeography and productivity of phytoplankton populations in a warming world. Simple theoretical frameworks and sensitivity experiments reveal that ecological and biogeochemical changes are driven by a balance between two impacts of a warming climate: higher metabolic rates (the "direct" effect), and changes in the supply of limiting nutrients and altered light environments (the "indirect" effect). On globally integrated productivity, the two effects compensate to a large degree. Regionally, the competition between effects is more complicated; patterns of productivity changes are different between high and low latitudes and are also regulated by how the supply of the limiting nutrient changes. These complex regional patterns are also found in the changes to broad phytoplankton functional groups. On the finer ecological scale of diversity within functional groups, we find that ranges of some phytoplankton types are reduced, while those of others (potentially minor players in the present ocean) expand. Combined change in areal extent of range and in regionally available nutrients leads to global "winners and losers." The model suggests that the strongest and most robust signal of the warming ocean is likely to be the large turnover in local phytoplankton community composition.

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Section: Final Commentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Winners and losers: Ecological and biogeochemical changes in a warming ocean

Dutkiewicz

Scott

Follows

2013

Global Biogeochemical Cycles

158

173

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“…Interannual variation in climate and climate change affect marine ecosystems by, e.g., the poleward species range expansions, changes in local species compositions due to physiological intolerance to new conditions (e.g., a shift from marine to brackish or freshwater species with decreasing salinities) and arrival of nonindigenous species, observed across a large number of marine ecosystems (Beaugrand et al 2002, Drinkwater 2002, Daskalov et al 2007, Drinkwater et al 2010. However, more specific changes in climate conditions and, consequently, in the marine environment are often largely determined by the location and general characteristics of the sea (Philippart et al 2011).…”

Section: Future Climate Changementioning

confidence: 99%

Past and future challenges in managing European seas

Blenckner¹,

Kannen²,

Barausse³

et al. 2015

E&S

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ABSTRACT. Marine environments have undergone large-scale changes in recent decades as a result of multiple anthropogenic pressures, such as overfishing, eutrophication, habitat fragmentation, etc., causing often nonlinear ecosystem responses. At the same time, management institutions lack the appropriate measures to address these abrupt transformations. We focus on existing examples from social-ecological systems of European seas that can be used to inform and advise future management. Examples from the Black Sea and the Baltic Sea on long-term ecosystem changes caused by eutrophication and fisheries, as well as changes in management institutions, illustrate nonlinear dynamics in social-ecological systems. Furthermore, we present two major future challenges, i.e., climate change and energy intensification, that could further increase the potential for nonlinear changes in the near future. Practical tools to address these challenges are presented, such as ensuring learning, flexibility, and networking in decision-making processes across sectors and scales. A combination of risk analysis with a scenario-planning approach might help to identify the risks of ecosystem changes early on and may frame societal changes to inform decision-making structures to proactively prevent drastic surprises in European seas.

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“…Cluster analysis of data at sample flow rate of 10 lL/min. The populations analyzed are indicated in Figure 4 (dashed boxes), including the two distinct populations of Alexandrium indicated by g. 1 being adapted for use on unmanned underwater vehicles to track population changes of phytoplankton over time. 22 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1 Pollution and environmental change can cause significant variation in populations of phytoplankton species. Generally, phytoplankton species are collected and later analyzed onshore in marine laboratories.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optofluidic characterization of marine algae using a microflow cytometer

et al. 2011

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The effects of global warming, pollution in river effluents, and changing ocean currents can be studied by characterizing variations in phytoplankton populations. We demonstrate the design and fabrication of a Microflow Cytometer for characterization of phytoplankton. Guided by chevron-shaped grooves on the top and bottom of a microfluidic channel, two symmetric sheath streams wrap around a central sample stream and hydrodynamically focus it in the center of the channel. The lasers are carefully chosen to provide excitation light close to the maximum absorbance wavelengths for the intrinsic fluorophores chlorophyll and phycoerythrin, and the excitation light is coupled to the flow cytometer through the use of an optical fiber. Fluorescence and light scatter are collected using two multimode optical fibers placed at 90-degree angles with respect to the excitation fiber. Light emerging from these collection fibers is directed through optical bandpass filters into photomultiplier tubes. The cytometer measured the optical and side scatter properties of Karenia b., Synechococcus sp., Pseudo-Nitzchia, and Alexandrium. The effect of the sheath-tosample flow-rate ratio on the light scatter and fluorescence of these marine microorganisms was investigated. Reducing the sample flow rate from 200 lL/min to 10 lL/min produced a more tightly focused sample stream and less heterogeneous signals.

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Reorganization of North Atlantic Marine Copepod Biodiversity and Climate

Cited by 1,002 publications

References 16 publications

Winners and losers: Ecological and biogeochemical changes in a warming ocean

Winners and losers: Ecological and biogeochemical changes in a warming ocean

Past and future challenges in managing European seas

Optofluidic characterization of marine algae using a microflow cytometer

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