Reovirus serotype 3 infection in infants with extrahepatic biliary atresia or neonatal hepatitis

Richardson, S C; Bishop, Ruth F.; Smith, Arnold L.

doi:10.1111/j.1440-1746.1994.tb01721.x

Cited by 38 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…One tenth of the total RNA preparation was denatured by incubation at 94°C for 2 minutes. For the first-phase RT-PCR, the following components were added to the [31][32][33][34][35][36][37]. One tenth of this first-phase RT-PCR product was then used in a second-phase nested PCR in a final volume of 50 µL.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…34 Serological studies of reovirus antibodies in children with hepatobiliary diseases have been inconclusive. An increased prevalence or higher titers of anti-reovirus IgG and/or IgM antibodies in patients with EHBA compared with non-EHBA controls have been found in some studies, [35][36][37] but not others. 34,[38][39][40] Serological studies in newborns are complicated by the high incidence of passively transferred maternal anti-reovirus IgG antibody.…”

mentioning

confidence: 89%

“…However, only 9% of infants below the age of 4 months had IgM anti-reovirus antibody. 37 The prevalence of anti-reovirus antibody in infants drops steadily from birth to 1 year of age, presumably reflecting the loss of transplacentally acquired maternal anti-reovirus antibody, and reaches a nadir at about 5% to 10% prevalence in infants at about 1 year of age. [34][35][36]41 The prevalence of anti-reovirus antibody then begins to increase steadily with increasing age through childhood and adolescence, reflecting immunity acquired as a consequence of natural infection.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Detection of reovirus RNA in hepatobiliary tissues from patients with extrahepatic biliary atresia and choledochal cysts

et al. 1998

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Extrahepatic biliary atresia (EHBA) and choledochal cysts (CDC) are important causes of obstructive jaundice in pediatric patients. Viruses in general, and reoviruses in particular, have long been considered as possible etiologic agents responsible for inciting the inflammatory process that leads to these infantile obstructive cholangiopathies. In an effort to determine whether reovirus infection is associated with these disorders, we used a sensitive and specific reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) technique designed to amplify a portion of the reovirus L1 gene segment from extracts of liver and/or biliary tissues. These tissues were obtained at the time of liver biopsy or surgical procedures from 23 patients with EHBA, 9 patients with CDC, and 33 patients with other hepatobiliary diseases. Hepatic and biliary tissues obtained at autopsy from 17 patients who died without known liver or biliary disease were also analyzed. Reovirus RNA was detected in hepatic and/or biliary tissues from 55% of patients with EHBA and 78% of patients with CDC. Reovirus RNA was found also in extracts of hepatic and/or biliary tissue from 21% of patients with other hepatobiliary diseases and in 12% of autopsy cases. The prevalence of reovirus RNA in tissues from patients with EHBA and CDC was significantly greater than that in patients with other hepatobiliary diseases ( 2 P ‫؍‬ .012 EHBA vs. OTHER, P ‫؍‬ .001 CDC vs. OTHER), or AUTOPSY cases ( 2 P ‫؍‬ .006 EHBA vs. AUTOPSY, P F .001

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 89%

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confidence: 99%

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Detection of reovirus RNA in hepatobiliary tissues from patients with extrahepatic biliary atresia and choledochal cysts

et al. 1998

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“…One such approach is zebrafish-based screening, in which the use of fluorescent biologicals that are excreted by the biliary system enables the rapid identification of abnormal biliary 57 and this was consistent with previous reports that found the virus in 24%-38% of affected infants 58,59 ; however, at least 1 report failed to identify CMV. 60 Reovirus infection has been identified in the liver in up to 55% of patients with BA and in 78% with choledochal cysts [61][62][63][64][65] versus 10%-20% in control groups. In addition to these patientbased studies, reovirus has been shown to induce edema and fibrosis of extrahepatic bile ducts when inoculated into weaning mice.…”

Section: New Insights Into the Etiology And Pathogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Screening and outcomes in biliary atresia

et al. 2007

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Biliary atresia is the most common cause of end-stage liver disease in the infant and is the leading pediatric indication for liver transplantation in the United States. Earlier diagnosis (<30-45 days of life) is associated with improved outcomes following the Kasai portoenterostomy and longer survival with the native liver. However, establishing this diagnosis is problematic because of its rarity, the much more common indirect hyperbilirubinemia that occurs in the newborn period, and the schedule for routine infant health care visits in the United States. The pathogenesis of biliary atresia appears to involve immune-mediated fibro-obliteration of the extrahepatic and intrahepatic biliary tree in most patients and defective morphogenesis of the biliary system in the remainder. The determinants of the outcome of portoenterostomy include the age at surgery, the center's experience, the pres-

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“…Despite causing disease in many mammalian species, reovirus is not considered a human pathogen due to the absence of obvious symptoms or known clinical impact during natural or experimental infection (38,47). While there are sporadic reports of human reovirus infection associated with illnesses, such as neonatal hepatitis and extrahepatic biliary atresia, myocarditis, meningitis, mild upper respiratory tract symptoms, and gastroenteritis in infants and children, no causal connection has been proven with human disease (21,36,44).…”

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Reovirus Serotypes Elicit Distinctive Patterns of Recall Immunity in Humans

Douville¹,

Su²,

Coombs

et al. 2008

J Virol

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Mammalian orthoreoviruses (reoviruses) are ubiquitous viral agents that infect cells in respiratory and enteric tracts. The frequency and nature of human cellular immunoregulatory responses against reovirus are unknown. Here we establish systems to detect and quantify reovirus-induced cytokine and chemokine recall responses using primary cultures of virus-infected peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and two widely used reovirus serotypes, type 1 Lang (T1L) and type 3 Dearing (T3D) reexposure in vitro. In cultures from 44 healthy adults, reovirus induced exceptionally strong CD4 and CD8 T-cell-dependent gamma interferon (IFN-␥) recall responses concomitant with intense interleukin 10 (IL-10) production. These responses were elicited independently of viral replication. Surprisingly, paired analyses of subject responses to these two common serotypes revealed that while both elicit intense Th1-dominated immunity, median T3D-driven responses were 2.2-fold weaker (P ‫؍‬ 0.0004) than those elicited by T1L. Recall responses evoked by these viral serotypes differed markedly in their mechanism of regulation. T3D IL-10 and IFN-␥ responses were CD4 and CD8 dependent and blocked by interfering with CD86 costimulation but were CD80 independent. T1L responses were consistently CD28 and CD80/86 independent. Thus, despite extensive genetic and morphological similarities between reovirus serotypes, the nature and intensity of the human recall responses as well as the control mechanisms regulating them are clearly distinct.

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Reovirus serotype 3 infection in infants with extrahepatic biliary atresia or neonatal hepatitis

Cited by 38 publications

References 11 publications

Detection of reovirus RNA in hepatobiliary tissues from patients with extrahepatic biliary atresia and choledochal cysts

Detection of reovirus RNA in hepatobiliary tissues from patients with extrahepatic biliary atresia and choledochal cysts

Screening and outcomes in biliary atresia

Reovirus Serotypes Elicit Distinctive Patterns of Recall Immunity in Humans

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