Reoxidation of Al-Killed Ultra-Low C Steel by FetO in RH Slag: Experiment, Reaction Rate Model Development, and Mechanism Analysis

Cho, Yong-Min; Cha, Woo‐Yeol; Kang, Youn‐Bae

doi:10.1007/s11663-021-02220-8

Cited by 11 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…ULC steel is more prone to SEN clogging compared to other steel grades due to its susceptibility to reoxidation. [35][36][37][38] In the context of the SEN's carbothermic reaction, the emitted CO(g) plays a critical role (Figure 13a). High-C steel is known to be inert to the development of clog deposits.…”

Section: Countermeasures Of Sen Clogging During Continuous Casting Of...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Reactivity between Submerged Entry Nozzle (SEN) and Ultra‐low C Liquid Steel: Comparison between Oxide‐Based SEN and Oxide‐Less SEN

Lee,

Cho,

Kim

et al. 2024

steel research int.

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Submerged entry nozzle (SEN) clogging is investigated with an emphasis on the interfacial reaction between the nozzle refractory and the liquid steel. Within the context of carbothermically produced CO(g) being the main cause of the early stage SEN clogging, various SEN refractory materials are assessed in view of their impact on the initial clog deposit formation. A series of high‐temperature experiments are carried out to observe the interfacial reaction between the SEN refractory materials and the liquid steel: three oxide‐based and one oxide‐less refractory materials are employed. Ti‐free and Ti‐added ultra‐low C steel are reacted with these refractory materials. The reactivity of the refractories is assessed by 1) the morphology, composition, and thickness of the initial clog deposit and 2) the evolution of steel compositions. Decreasing SiO2 content in “oxide‐based” refractory is recommended. The “oxide‐less” refractory composed of AlON–BN–AlN is shown to be promising to suppress the early stage of SEN clogging. The present results would provide directions for designing the SEN refractory constitution to suppress the SEN clogging.

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Section: Countermeasures Of Sen Clogging During Continuous Casting Of...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Reactivity between Submerged Entry Nozzle (SEN) and Ultra‐low C Liquid Steel: Comparison between Oxide‐Based SEN and Oxide‐Less SEN

Lee,

Cho,

Kim

et al. 2024

steel research int.

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show abstract

“…Attention must be given to the influence of the selection of bottom-blowing position on the service life of refractory materials. What's more, in RH and bottomblown argon-stirred ladle process, a large number of bubbles pass through the slag layer at the same time to form slag eye, and the molten steel is exposed to the air, resulting in secondary oxidation, gas absorption and slag entrainment of molten steel [30][31][32][33]39]. Above all, it can be found that few studies were carried out to analyse the influence of bottom-blowing position and flow rate on the snorkel's erosion and the molten slag layer's motion state.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of fluid flow characteristics of RH reactor with different bottom-blowing arrangements

Dong¹,

Feng

Zhu

et al. 2022

Ironmaking & Steelmaking

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A numerical model of RH reactor with bottom-blowing is developed and used to analyse the influence of bottom-blowing position and gas flow rate on the fluid flow of molten steel, shear stress and slag layer. The results show that the flow difference caused by bottom-blowing positions is mainly due to the different movement behaviour of bubbles. When blowing directly below the up-snorkel, the bubble flow is more concentrated. With the increase in the flow rate, the offset of bubbles towards the up-snorkel direction increases, and it is easier to enter the gap between the up-snorkel and the ladle wall to form slag eye, and increase of shear stress on the ladle and the snorkels. When the position is under the up-snorkel which offset towards the centre of the ladle, the wall shear stress is weaker under the same flow rate, and the flow rate allows larger before slag eye forming.

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Reoxidation Phenomena of Liquid Steel in Secondary Refining and Continuous Casting Processes: A Review

Park,

Kang

2023

steel research int.

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This review article reports the critical issue of reoxidation in clean steel production during secondary refining and continuous casting processes. Reoxidation presents substantial challenges to process stability and final product quality. Various sources of reoxidation, including exposure to oxidizing gases, reducible oxides in slag and refractories, and the presence of ferroalloys are explored. Fundamental reactions and their consequences, such as changes in steel composition, inclusion composition/morphology, and the formation of reaction products at the interface between liquid steel and refractory materials, are reviewed. High oxygen partial pressure on the refractory side is identified as a significant factor, particularly in tundish and continuous casting processes. To address reoxidation effectively, the review discusses modeling approaches like computational fluid dynamics and thermodynamic/kinetic modeling. In the industrial context, reoxidation in the tundish is mainly attributed to open‐eye formation in the tundish flux and reducible oxides like SiO2 in an insulating cover powder, for example, rice hust ash. Maintaining precise tundish flux control is crucial for steel cleanliness. In conclusion, this review highlights the multifaceted nature of reoxidation challenges in clean steel production. A comprehensive understanding of reoxidation mechanisms and the implementation of effective strategies are essential for achieving cleaner steel production.

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Reoxidation of Al-Killed Ultra-Low C Steel by FetO in RH Slag: Experiment, Reaction Rate Model Development, and Mechanism Analysis

Cited by 11 publications

References 59 publications

Assessment of Reactivity between Submerged Entry Nozzle (SEN) and Ultra‐low C Liquid Steel: Comparison between Oxide‐Based SEN and Oxide‐Less SEN

Assessment of Reactivity between Submerged Entry Nozzle (SEN) and Ultra‐low C Liquid Steel: Comparison between Oxide‐Based SEN and Oxide‐Less SEN

Analysis of fluid flow characteristics of RH reactor with different bottom-blowing arrangements

Reoxidation Phenomena of Liquid Steel in Secondary Refining and Continuous Casting Processes: A Review

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