Repair strategies for injured peripheral nerve: Review

Raza, Chand; Riaz, Hasib Aamir; Anjum, Rizwan; Shakeel, Noor ul Ain

doi:10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117308

Cited by 81 publications

(90 citation statements)

References 85 publications

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“…Polyethylene glycol (PEG), also known as polyethylene oxide (PEO), is one of the most biocompatible and widely used synthetic polymer hydrogels approved by the FDA. Its molecular structure determines that PEG is hydrophilic, and the hydroxy-terminated group can be converted into other functional groups for modification [67,98]. The most common ones are polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA), polyethylene glycol dimethacrylate (PEGDMA), etc.…”

Section: Synthetic Hydrogelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D Printing and Bioprinting Nerve Conduits for Neural Tissue Engineering

Zhang

2020

Polymers

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Fabrication of nerve conduits for perfectly repairing or replacing damaged peripheral nerve is an urgent demand worldwide, but it is also a formidable clinical challenge. In the last decade, with the rapid development of manufacture technologies, 3D printing and bioprinting have been becoming remarkable stars in the field of neural engineering. In this review, we explore that the biomaterial inks (hydrogels, thermoplastic, and thermoset polyesters and composite) and bioinks have been selected for 3D printing and bioprinting of peripheral nerve conduits. This review covers 3D manufacturing technologies, including extrusion printing, inkjet printing, stereolithography, and bioprinting with inclusion of cells, bioactive molecules, and drugs. Finally, an outlook on the future directions of 3D printing and 4D printing in customizable nerve therapies is presented.

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Section: Synthetic Hydrogelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D Printing and Bioprinting Nerve Conduits for Neural Tissue Engineering

Zhang

2020

Polymers

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“…The most studied natural-based biomaterials used to support nerve regeneration ( Table 1 ) are polysaccharides (hyaluronic acid, alginate, chitin and chitosan), proteins (collagen, gelatin, silk fibroin, fibrin, and keratin) and polyesters derived from natural sources [poly (3-hydroxybutyric acid) and poly (3-hydroxybutyric acid-co-3-hydroxyvaleric acid)] ( Arslantunali et al, 2014 ; Raza et al, 2020 ). Nevertheless, hyaluronic acid, alginate and keratin, discussed in the following paragraphs, do not possess enough mechanical strength to be used alone to produce a NGC, but can be used as internal fillers for nerve conduits with successful results.…”

Section: Natural-based Biomaterialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural-Based Biomaterials for Peripheral Nerve Injury Repair

Fornasari

Carta

Gambarotta

et al. 2020

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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Peripheral nerve injury treatment is a relevant problem because of nerve lesion high incidence and because of unsatisfactory regeneration after severe injuries, thus resulting in a reduced patient's life quality. To repair severe nerve injuries characterized by substance loss and to improve the regeneration outcome at both motor and sensory level, different strategies have been investigated. Although autograft remains the gold standard technique, a growing number of research articles concerning nerve conduit use has been reported in the last years. Nerve conduits aim to overcome autograft disadvantages, but they must satisfy some requirements to be suitable for nerve repair. A universal ideal conduit does not exist, since conduit properties have to be evaluated case by case; nevertheless, because of their high biocompatibility and biodegradability, natural-based biomaterials have great potentiality to be used to produce nerve guides. Although they share many characteristics with synthetic biomaterials, natural-based biomaterials should also be preferable because of their extraction sources; indeed, these biomaterials are obtained from different renewable sources or food waste, thus reducing environmental impact and enhancing sustainability in comparison to synthetic ones. This review reports the strengths and weaknesses of natural-based biomaterials used for manufacturing peripheral nerve conduits, analyzing the interactions between natural-based biomaterials and biological environment. Particular attention was paid to the description of the preclinical outcome of nerve regeneration in injury repaired with the different natural-based conduits.

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“…The primary medical therapy for complete lesions is an end-to-end repair by suturing of nerve stumps via epineurial and/or group fascicular suturing. In the case of a significant nerve gap formation where end-to-end repair is not possible, peripheral nerve grafts (autografts, allografts or xenografts) and nerve conduits (synthetic, biological or hybrid) and tubulization are required to serve as a bridge between the nerve stumps across the gap and to support axonal regrowth [20][21][22][23][24][25]. Other approaches, ranging from cell-based therapy [26], electrical stimulation [27] or pharmacological medications [19], are also used.…”

Section: Mechanisms Of Nerve Regeneration After Peripheral Injuriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Botulinum Toxin and Neuronal Regeneration after Traumatic Injury of Central and Peripheral Nervous System

Luvisetto

2020

Toxins

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Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) are toxins produced by the bacteria Clostridium botulinum, the causing agent for botulism, in different serotypes, seven of which (A–G) are well characterized, while others, such as H or FA, are still debated. BoNTs exert their action by blocking SNARE (soluble N-ethylmale-imide-sensitive factor-attachment protein receptors) complex formation and vesicle release from the neuronal terminal through the specific cleavage of SNARE proteins. The action of BoNTs at the neuromuscular junction has been extensively investigated and knowledge gained in this field has set the foundation for the use of these toxins in a variety of human pathologies characterized by excessive muscle contractions. In parallel, BoNTs became a cosmetic drug due to its power to ward off facial wrinkles following the activity of the mimic muscles. Successively, BoNTs became therapeutic agents that have proven to be successful in the treatment of different neurological disorders, with new indications emerging or being approved each year. In particular, BoNT/A became the treatment of excellence not only for muscle hyperactivity conditions, such as dystonia and spasticity, but also to reduce pain in a series of painful states, such as neuropathic pain, lumbar and myofascial pain, and to treat various dysfunctions of the urinary bladder. This review summarizes recent experimental findings on the potential efficacy of BoNTs in favoring nerve regeneration after traumatic injury in the peripheral nervous system, such as the injury of peripheral nerves, like sciatic nerve, and in the central nervous system, such as spinal cord injury.

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Repair strategies for injured peripheral nerve: Review

Cited by 81 publications

References 85 publications

3D Printing and Bioprinting Nerve Conduits for Neural Tissue Engineering

3D Printing and Bioprinting Nerve Conduits for Neural Tissue Engineering

Natural-Based Biomaterials for Peripheral Nerve Injury Repair

Botulinum Toxin and Neuronal Regeneration after Traumatic Injury of Central and Peripheral Nervous System

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