Repairing of Subchondral Defect and Articular Cartilage of Knee Joint of Rabbit by Gadolinium Containing Bio-Nanocomposites

Abstract

A variety of gadolinium (Gd) based nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized due to the unique magnetic properties of Gd-containing rare earth compounds and the particularity of micro/nano-materials, which were then incorporated into hydroxyapatite (HA) to obtain inorganic-organic composite materials. Then, HA/Gd NPs containing slow-release transforming growth factor (TGF-β1) were harvested. Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) were extracted from the adipose tissue of a four-month-old New Zealand white rabbit. HA/Gd NPs were attached to absorbable gelatin sponge to obtain HA/Gd NPs/gelatin sponge composite scaffold. In addition, the third generation ADSCs were taken and cultured in the composite scaffold, so that ADSCs-HA/Gd bio-nanocomposites were obtained. The in vitro culture test of osteoblast MC3T3-E1 showed that Gd-containing NPs had good biocompatibility. The prepared HA/Gd NPs loaded with TGF-β1 were spherical, with an average particle size of (9.16 ± 3.16) μm. The NPs were easy to aggregate and adherent. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test results showed that TGF-β1 in NPs was sustained and released continuously for 29 days. HA/Gd NPs/gelatin sponge composite scaffold combined with ADSCs were co-cultured for three days, and the electron microscope showed that the HA/Gd NPs were dispersed, and the cells could adhere and grow well. Then, animal models of rabbit knee articular cartilage defects were established and were rolled into three groups (ADSCs-HA/Gd nano group, HA/Gd nano scaffold group, and blank control). The repair area of the rabbit knee of ADSCs-HA/Gd nano group was smooth and flat, the scaffold was absorbed, the toluidine blue stain was positive, and the type II collagen immunohistochemical stain was positive. In general, ADSCs-HA/Gd nanomaterials were helpful for chondrogenic cell differentiation and had certain adoption prospects in the field of tissue engineering to repair cartilage defects.

Repair of Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head with Adipose‐Derived Stem Cell Composite with New Nanomaterial

“…Note: * indicated that the differences were statistically significant compared with those in the S3 group (P < 0:05), while # indicated the statistically significant differences compared with those in the S1 group (P < 0:05). Journal of Nanomaterials rabbit ADSCs in this study was relatively successful [22]. Alkaline phosphatase belongs to phosphate monoester hydrolase, a group of specific phosphatases.…”

Systematic review of the osteogenic effect of rare earth nanomaterials and the underlying mechanisms

“…Studies have reported that RE NMs, including Ce [ 16 , 114 ], Gd [ 10 , 22 , 115 ], Eu [ 116 ], La [ 13 ], Y [ 66 ], NaGdF 4 :Yb/Er NPs [ 12 ] and NaYF 4 :Yb/Er NPs [ 11 ], have high biocompatibility and can promote the proliferation of MSCs, preosteoblasts and osteoblasts. RE NMs have been shown to accelerate cell cycle progression [ 117 ] and promote mitotic spindle formation [ 12 ].…”