Reparation of the Myocardium after Transplantation of Mononuclear Bone Marrow Cells

Abstract

Safety and efficiency of intracoronary transventricular transplantation of autologous mononuclear bone marrow cells in rats with postinfarction cardiosclerosis were studied. The cells migrated to the damaged area and were detected only in the cicatricial tissue; they have fibroblast-like phenotype and some of them were stained with Fapα (marker of reactive fibroblasts). More active proliferation of non-muscular cells and formation and maturation of collagen fibers in the cicatricial tissue were observed after transplantation of mononuclear cells. This led to thickening of the cicatricial wall, but the size of the scar and index of dilatation of the left ventricle remained unchanged. The number and volume density of newly formed blood vessels in the damaged area increased after transplantation, but no labeled cells were seen in the vascular walls. It can be hypothesized that stimulation of neoangiogenesis is mediated by paracrine mechanisms, which also explains improvement of global contractility of the left ventricle (increased contractility index in functional tests). Thus, transplantation of mononuclear bone marrow cells leads to thickening and strengthening of the cicatricial wall, stimulates angiogenesis, and improves global myocardial contractility. However, no morphological signs of reverse remodeling of the left-ventricular myocardium were revealed.

Advances in the design, generation, and application of tissue-engineered myocardial equivalents

“…Cell sheets-based bioengineered tissues do not induce inflammatory responses or fibrosis, because they do not contain biodegradable materials, are non-thrombogenic, and grow in proportion to the host cardiac tissue ( Kobayashi et al, 2008 ; Masuda and Shimizu, 2016 ). Cardiac cell sheets have been expanded by various cell types ( Shimizu et al, 2006 ; Matsuura et al, 2009 ; Miyagawa et al, 2010 ; Baikova et al, 2011 ; Masumoto et al, 2012 ; Masumoto et al, 2014 ; Zhang et al, 2015 ; Kawamura et al, 2017 ; Dergilev et al, 2018 ; Roberts et al, 2019 ; Theus et al, 2019 ) and their transplantation is nowadays the most extensively researched application, with several promising results in models in vitro and in experimental animals in vivo [( Bertocchi et al, 2017 ; Nicolas et al, 2020 )]. This regenerative strategy is not only preventative but also curative in terms of new CM reserve and blood vessel formation.…”

Cell-Based and Selected Cell-Free Therapies for Myocardial Infarction: How Do They Compare to the Current Treatment Options?

“…The most widely studied stem cells for heart regeneration are BM-MSCs . Numerous studies have proved the beneficial effect of BM-MSCs on regenerating myocardium in animal models in vivo and in vitro [ 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 ]. For instance, Karpov et al investigated the effect of BM-MSCs and adipose tissue-derived stem cells (AD-MSCs) intramyocardial transplantation on peri-infarcted tissue in the Wistar rat model of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion.…”