Repeatability of a multi‐segment foot model with a 15‐marker set in healthy adults

Abstract

BackgroundSeveral 3D multi-segment foot models (MFMs) have been introduced for the in vivo analysis of dynamic foot kinematics. However, reproducibility of a model should be checked and ascertained before clinical utilization of a MFM. The purpose of this study was to determine the reliability of recently introduced MFM with a 15-marker set by assessing the participant’s stride-to-stride (intra-session) and visit-to-revisit (inter-session) repeatability.MethodsTwenty healthy adults with a mean age of 28.9 years (10 males and 10 females) were tested. Three representative strides from five separate trials were used for analysis from each session. Kinematic data of foot segmental motion was collected and tracked using the Foot3D Multi-Segment Software (Motion Analysis Co., Santa Rosa. CA). A retest was performed in the same manner at an interval of 4 weeks. Coefficients of multiple correlation (CMC) and intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) were calculated in order to assess the intra-session and inter-session repeatability.ResultsInter-segment foot angles from healthy adults from a MFM with 15-marker set showed a narrow range of variability during the gait cycle. The mean intra-session ICC was 0.981 (±0.010), which was interpreted as excellent. The mean intra-session CMC was 0.948 (±0.027), which was interpreted as very good repeatability. The mean inter-session ICC was 0.886 (±0.047) and the mean inter-session CMC was 0.801 (±0.077), which were interpreted as excellent and good repeatability, respectively.ConclusionWe demonstrated a MFM with a 15-marker set had high intra-session and inter-session repeatability, especially in sagittal plane motion. We thought this MFM would be applicable to evaluation of the segmental foot motion during gait.

Inter‐segmental motions of the foot: differences between younger and older healthy adult females

“…In our previous study, we confirmed that a MFM with a 15 marker set, which was proposed by Henley et al [15], showed a comparable intra-session and inter-session repeatability with other MFMs [16]. Also we showed that intersegmental angular measurements using this model was correlated with static radiographic measurements [17].…”

Functional and radiographic consideration of lower limb malalignment in children and adolescents with idiopathic genu valgum

“…A 12‐camera system (VICON MOTION SYSTEM®, Oxford Metrics, UK; camera resolution 4 Mega Pixels, capturing frequency 200 Hz) in combination with three strain‐gauge force plates (Advanced Mechanical Technology, Inc.) was used to trace spherical markers. The extended Cleveland Clinical Marker Set was used as a kinematic model . A regression equation was used to define the hip joint center .…”

Correlation Between Static Radiographic Measurements and Intersegmental Angular Measurements During Gait Using a Multisegment Foot Model

“…15,28 In brief, placement of the markers was as follows: 2 markers were placed on the knee (knee lateral and knee medial), 3 markers on the tibial shank (shank upper, shank front, and shank rear), 2 on the ankle (ankle lateral and ankle medial), 2 on the hindfoot segment (heel and distal), 2 on the midfoot segment (navicular and cuboid), 3 on the forefoot segment (MTH1, toe, MTH5), and 1 on the hallux (hallux; Figure 4). 28 They defined this foot model to consist of the hindfoot, forefoot, first lay, fifth ray, and hallux. The relationships between segments were calculated in sagittal, coronal, and axial planes from a ZXY Euler decomposition of the relative orientation of the anatomical coordinate systems.…”