Repeatability of Pressure Force During Elbow Flexion and Extension Before and After Exercise

Abstract

Purpose. In most circumstances it is possible to provide the precise estimation of force and weight by means of kinesthetic differentiation. In some conditions, like physical effort or fatigue, kinesthetic differentiation can become reduced. The kinesthetic differentiation capacity can be expressed as repeatability of muscular contraction force or movement. The present study investigates the direction of changes in kinesthetic differentiation of force applied by both arms during elbow flexion and extension before and after exercise. Basic procedures. The study sample consisted of 23 cyclists (mean ± SD) aged 18.1 ± 1.8 years, 17 rowers aged 18.1 ± 1.8 years, and a control group consisting of 32 subjects aged 21.3 ± 1.3 years. All subjects performed a progressive exercise test. Kinesthetic differentiation was measured as the repeatability of force applied during elbow flexion and extension. Main findings. The results obtained confirm that kinesthetic differentiation in both arms after exercise improved by means of elbow extension. Further research can contribute to the development of ways of control of adaptation changes in the central nervous system and the locomotor system on a general level, since the studies so far have described either local changes, e.g. EMG, or provided specific data related to typical patterns of activity in a given sport. Conclusions. The proposed method allows identification of effects of intense exercise on the kinesthetic differentiation capacity on a more general level.

Seasonal changes in force production accuracy as a measure of kinesthesia in motorcyclists

“…other studies on kinaesthetic differentiation measured handgrip strength with a hand dynamometer [17] or isometric contraction force of the upper extremities [30]. Zatoń et al [26] evaluated the effects of exercise and fatigue on the repeatability of force production, observing a positive effect on sub-maximal force accuracy. Earlier, Zatoń et al [28] examined the relationship between skiing and kinaesthetic differentiation to find that individuals with extended skiing experience presented significantly better kinaesthetic sense than non-skiers.…”

“…this mean of the sum of differences of the force generated across the 10 repetitions provided a measure of force production accuracy (FPA). this variable had been previously determined as a valid measure of kinaesthetic differentiation [26,28], in which the lower the magnitude, the less variability in force between each repetition and therefore enhanced level of kinaesthetic sense [14].…”

Accuracy of replicating static torque and its effect on shooting accuracy in young basketball players

“…Zatoń et al [10] tested replicating force in a flexion and extension movement at the elbow joint in a group of cyclists. Using a 'kinethesiometer' built with two force plates, this group of researchers showed a decrease in the ability to reproduce movement by both upper limbs after an exercise test, which signified reduced kinesthetic differentiation ability.…”

An evaluation of kinesthetic differentiation ability in monofin swimmers

“…As described in previous research, the mechanism for forming movement sensation in humans distinguishes receptors and single-track activity, being responsible for individual bodily perception and movement, as well as two-track control of both forms of information simultaneously [3]. It likewise demonstrates a dependency between the perception of touch and kinesthetic sense, as well as the individual ability to control these sensations [4][5][6]. Movement perception is then an undisputed factor regulating the process of control of movement behavior, whether within the confines of one joint or the complicated coordination of a series of sequential movements [5,7].…”

“…It likewise demonstrates a dependency between the perception of touch and kinesthetic sense, as well as the individual ability to control these sensations [4][5][6]. Movement perception is then an undisputed factor regulating the process of control of movement behavior, whether within the confines of one joint or the complicated coordination of a series of sequential movements [5,7].…”