Repeatability of the Oxford Foot Model in children with foot deformity

McCahill, Jennifer; Stebbins, Julie; Koning, Bart Hendrikus Wilhelmus; Harlaar, Jaap; Theologis, Tim

doi:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2017.12.023

Cited by 24 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…To overcome the disadvantage of standard 3D gait analysis, 3D multi-segment foot models, such as the DuPont foot model, Oxford foot model, Milwaukee foot model, Leardini foot model, and Heidelberg foot model, have been increasingly used because they can illustrate the effect of foot and ankle pathologies on intersegmental motion of the foot [20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27]. However, repeatability of the multi-segment foot model is lower in the pediatric population than in the adult population because it is difficult to attach the marker to the correct position in small feet [28,29].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Discrepancy between true ankle dorsiflexion and gait kinematics and its association with severity of planovalgus foot deformity

Sung

Chung

Lee

et al. 2020

BMC Musculoskelet Disord

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Background: In planovalgus deformity with triceps contracture, a midfoot break happens, and ankle dorsiflexion (ADF) occurs at the mid-tarsal joint during gait. Results of standard 3D gait analysis may misinterpret the true ankle dorsiflexion because it recognizes the entire foot as a single rigid segment. We performed this study to investigate whether the severity of planovalgus deformity is associated with the discrepancy between the value of ADF evaluated by physical examination and 3-dimensional (3D) gait analysis. In addition, we aimed to identify the radiographic parameters associated with this discrepancy and their relationships. Methods: Consecutive 40 patients with 65 limbs (mean age, 11.7 ± 5.5 years) with planovalgus foot deformity and triceps surae contracture were included. All patients underwent 3D gait analysis, and weightbearing anteroposterior (AP) and lateral (LAT) foot radiographs. ADF with knee extension was measured using a goniometer with the patient's foot in an inverted position. Results: Twenty-one limbs underwent operation for planovalgus foot deformity, and 56 limbs underwent operation for equinus deformity. The difference between ADF on physical examination and ADF at initial contact on gait analysis was 17.5 ± 8.4°. Differences between ADF on physical examination and ADF at initial contact on gait analysis were significantly associated with the LAT talus-first metatarsal angle (p = 0.008) and calcaneal pitch angle (p = 0.006), but not associated with the AP talus-first metatarsal angle (p = 0.113), talonavicular coverage angle (p = 0.190), talocalcaneal angle (p = 0.946), and naviculocuboid overlap (p = 0.136). Conclusion: The discrepancy between ADF on physical examination and 3D gait analysis was associated with the severity of planovalgus deformity, which was evaluated on weightbearing LAT foot radiographs. Therefore, physicians should be cautious about interpreting results from 3D gait analysis and perform a careful physical examination to assess the degree of equinus deformity in patients with planovalgus foot deformity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Discrepancy between true ankle dorsiflexion and gait kinematics and its association with severity of planovalgus foot deformity

Sung

Chung

Lee

et al. 2020

BMC Musculoskelet Disord

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“…The role of pedobarography in assessing clubfeet has shown 14,26 that specific changes in pressure patterns can be used to assess foot function after clubfoot treatment. Validation of the PBS against objective pedobarographic protocols as suggested by Herd et al 14 or the Oxford foot model 27 are necessary to further validate the proposed score in the future.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The PBS Score – a clinical assessment tool for the ambulatory and recurrent clubfoot

Böhm

Sinclair

2019

Journal of Children's Orthopaedics

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Purpose The signs for clubfoot relapse are poorly defined in the literature and there is a lack of a scoring system that allows assessment of clubfeet in ambulatory children. The aim of this study is to develop an easy to use, reliable and validated evaluation tool for ambulatory children with a history of clubfoot. Methods A total of 52 feet (26 children, 41 clubfeet, 11 unaffected feet) were assessed. Three surgeons used the seven-item PBS Score to rate hindfoot varus, standing and walking supination, early heel rise, active/passive ankle dorsiflexion and subtalar abduction blinded to the other examiners. All parents answered the modified Roye score questionnaire prior to the clinical assessment. Correlation between the mean PBS Score and the Roye score was evaluated using Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient. Interobserver reliability was tested using weighted and unweighted Cohen’s Kappa coefficients. Results The Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient for correlation between mean PBS Score and Roye score was 0.73 (moderate to good correlation).The interobserver agreement for the total PBS Score resulted in an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.93 (almost perfect agreement). Conclusion The PBS score is an easy to use, clinical assessment tool for walking age children with clubfoot deformity. It includes passive and active criteria with a very good interobserver reliability and moderate to good validity. Level of Evidence: Level I - Diagnostic study

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“…The effects of marker and configuration choices are likely to be larger than the repeatability errors, which here were an order of magnitude smaller than the values for each segment (compare Tables 1, 2, and A.1). Regardless of marker choice, marker placement consistency and experience are key, as is also true for the measurement of gait kinematics (Caravaggi et al, 2011;McCahill et al, 2018;McGinley et al, 2009).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%