Repeated 28-day and 13-week dose toxicity studies of oils prepared from the internal organs of the Japanese giant scallop (<i>Patinopecten yessoensis</i>) in rats

Abstract

The discarded internal organs of the Japanese giant scallop (Patinopecten yessoensis) are abundant resources rich in n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), such as eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid. However, they have not been utilized due to contamination with toxic substances such as cadmium (Cd) and the occurrence of diarrhetic shellfish toxins (DST). We have successfully prepared a high-quality scallop oil (SCO) from its internal organs with negligible contamination with Cd and DST. The scallop internal organs were obtained from two different scallop processing areas, Mutsu and Uchiura bays, Japan, and referred to as SCO-M and SCO-U, respectively. To evaluate the safeties of SCO-M and SCO-U as food ingredients and n-3 PUFA supplements, repeated 28-day and 13-week dose oral toxicity studies in rats were conducted. Rats were fed diets containing 1% and 5% of SCO-M and SCO-U, respectively, in the repeated 28-day dose oral toxicity study and 5% SCO-M or SCO-U in the repeated 13-week dose oral toxicity study (limit test). No adverse toxicological effects were observed when rats were fed diets containing SCO-M and/or SCO-U at up to 5% for 28 days and 13 weeks. These results suggest that SCO-M and SCO-U are safe products in terms of subacute toxicity under these experimental conditions.

Dietary Phospholipids Prepared From Scallop Internal Organs Attenuate the Serum and Liver Cholesterol Contents by Enhancing the Expression of Cholesterol Hydroxylase in the Liver of Mice

“…By removing the cadmium and diarrhetic shellfish poison from the internal organs of scallop, we have successfully prepared scallop oil (SCO) that satisfies the specifications for utilization as food. SCO safety was confirmed by the bacterial reverse mutation test, a micronucleus test ( 25 ), and studies of single and repeated doses in rodents ( 26 , 27 ). In addition, SCO contains approximately 20 wt% of PL and includes higher EPA than standard TG-type fish oil ( 26 ).…”

Effects of dietary oils prepared from the internal organs of the Japanese giant scallop (Patinopecten yessoensis) on cholesterol metabolism in obese type‐II diabetic KK‐Ay mice

“…Therefore, the scallop internal organs have not been employed as a PUFA source. Recently, we developed a method for preparing high‐quality scallop oil (SCO) that satisfied the specifications for utilization, as food, by removing toxic compounds from the scallop internal organs (Okuyama et al., 2016) Additionally, the safety of SCO was confirmed by the studies of single and repeated doses in mice and rats, the bacterial reverse mutation test, and a micronucleus test (Sugimoto et al., 2019; Sugimoto, et al., 2020; Sugimoto, et al., 2020). SCO contains higher EPA than common fish oil (sardine oil); it also contains phospholipids (PL) as well as TAG.…”