Repeated checking causes distrust in memory but not in attention and perception

Dek, Eliane C.P.; Hout, Marcel A. van den; Giele, Catharina L.; Engelhard, Iris M.

doi:10.1016/j.brat.2010.03.009

Cited by 32 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The results showed that, compared to irrelevant checking, repeated relevant checking leads to reductions in meta-memory ratings in both patients and controls, while memory accuracy remains unaffected, thereby replicating earlier studies (Boschen & Vuksanovic, 2007;Coles et al, 2006;Dek et al, 2010;van den Hout & Kindt, 2003a, 2003b, 2004Radomsky et al, 2006). Although the reduction in memory confidence after relevant checking seemed to be larger for patients compared to controls, the effect of repeated checking on memory confidence, vividness and detail did not differ between OCD patients and controls, which replicates earlier studies (Boschen & Vuksanovic, 2007;Radomsky et al, 2014).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

“…Results showed that repeated relevant checking did not affect memory accuracy, but reduced memory confidence, vividness, and detail. These results have been replicated using a real-life kitchen instead of a computer task (Radomsky, Gilchrist, & Dussault, 2006), with threat-irrelevant stimuli (Dek, van den Hout, Engelhard, & Giele, 2010), and with mental instead of physical checking (Radomsky & Alcolado, 2010). The negative effects of repeated checking appear relatively fast: after 2-5 checks (Coles, Radomsky, & Horng, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 69%

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Perseveration causes automatization of checking behavior in obsessive-compulsive disorder

Dek

Hout

Engelhard

et al. 2015

Behaviour Research and Therapy

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 69%

Perseveration causes automatization of checking behavior in obsessive-compulsive disorder

Dek

Hout

Engelhard

et al. 2015

Behaviour Research and Therapy

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“…After 20 trials of checking, memory vividness, memory detail, and confidence in memory declined compared to a control group. These results are reproduced in several labs (e.g., Coles, Radomsky, & Horng, 2006;Dek, van den Hout, Giele, & Engelhard, 2010;Radomsky, Gilchrist, & Dussault, 2006), also with a clinical sample of OCD patients (Boschen & Vuksanovic, 2007). Moreover, after prolonged visual fixating on objects (''Is the knob I see really off?…”

supporting

confidence: 54%

Ironic effects of compulsive perseveration

Giele¹,

Hout²,

Engelhard³

et al. 2013

Memory

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Individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) exhibit perseverative behaviours, like checking, to reduce uncertainty, but perseveration paradoxically enhances uncertainty. It is unclear what mechanism might be responsible. We hypothesised that perseverative OC-like behaviour produces "semantic satiation" and interferes with the accessibility of meaning. Healthy participants repeated 20 types of OC-like checking behaviour nonperseveratively (2 times) or perseveratively (20 times). Afterwards, they decided as quickly as possible whether a picture was semantically related to the checked object. The nonperseverative condition showed spreading of activation: Judgements were faster for related than for unrelated objects and pictures. The effect was blocked in the perseverative condition, where reaction times for related and unrelated items were similar. The results suggest that the ironic effects of compulsive perseveration are due to interference with spreading of activation.

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“…Subsequently, when people indeed respond with repeated checking, this may paradoxically increase uncertainty as shown by a great number of studies (e.g. Boschen & Vuksanovic, 2007;Dek, van den Hout, Giele, & Engelhard, 2010;Radomsky, Gilchrist, & Dussault, 2006;van den Hout, & Kindt, 2003. Therefore, in a previous study, Toffolo et al (2013) hypothesized that in response to mildly uncertain situations, patients with OCD will use more checking behavior, because even mild uncertainty may bring the yet elevated level of general uncertainty to a point where repeated checking is needed to obtain certainty.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Uncertainty, checking, and intolerance of uncertainty in subclinical obsessive compulsive disorder: An extended replication

Toffolo

Hout

Engelhard

et al. 2014

Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders

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a b s t r a c tRecently, Toffolo, van den Hout, Hooge, Engelhard, and Cath (2013, 1, 103-109) showed that individuals with subclinical OCD (OC þ) respond with more checking behavior to mildly uncertain situations than individuals with low OC tendencies (OC À ). The present study aimed to replicate and extend these findings by measuring Intolerance of Uncertainty (IU), and including the whole range of OC tendencies in a correlation analysis. Participants filled out the Obsessive Compulsive Inventory Revised and Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale and performed a visual search task. This task contained 50 search displays, in which participants indicated whether a target was "present" or "absent". Target-present trials were straightforward, but target-absent trials were ambiguous, because participants had to rely on not having overlooked the target. Results revealed that target-absent trials induced more uncertainty than targetpresent trials. Furthermore, OC þ participants checked longer than OC À participants in target-absent but not target-present trials. This could not be explained by higher IU in OC þ participants. There were no differences in number of fixations in absent and present trials between the groups. Finally, when looking at the whole range of OC tendencies, there was a positive relation between OC tendencies and checking behavior. The findings (partly) replicated those of Toffolo et al. (2013) and add to their robustness.

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Repeated checking causes distrust in memory but not in attention and perception

Cited by 32 publications

References 21 publications

Perseveration causes automatization of checking behavior in obsessive-compulsive disorder

Perseveration causes automatization of checking behavior in obsessive-compulsive disorder

Ironic effects of compulsive perseveration

Uncertainty, checking, and intolerance of uncertainty in subclinical obsessive compulsive disorder: An extended replication

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