Introduction
Image sharing technologies may reduce unneeded imaging by improving
provider access to imaging information. A systematic review and
meta-analysis were conducted to summarize the impact of image sharing
technologies on patient imaging utilization.
Methods
Quantitative evaluations of the effects of PACS, regional image
exchange networks, interoperable electronic heath records, tools for
importing physical media, and health information exchange systems on
utilization were identified through a systematic review of the published and
gray English-language literature (2004–2014). Outcomes, standard
effect sizes (ESs), settings, technology, populations, and risk of bias were
abstracted from each study. The impact of image sharing technologies was
summarized with random-effects meta-analysis and meta-regression models.
Results
A total of 17 articles were included in the review, with a total of
42 different studies. Image sharing technology was associated with a
significant decrease in repeat imaging (pooled effect size [ES] =
−0.17; 95% confidence interval [CI] = [−0.25,
−0.09]; P < .001). However, image sharing
technology was associated with a significant increase in any imaging
utilization (pooled ES = 0.20; 95% CI = [0.07, 0.32];
P = .002). For all outcomes combined, image sharing
technology was not associated with utilization. Most studies were at risk
for bias.
Conclusions
Image sharing technology was associated with reductions in repeat and
unnecessary imaging, in both the overall literature and the most-rigorous
studies. Stronger evidence is needed to further explore the role of specific
technologies and their potential impact on various modalities, patient
populations, and settings.