Repeated Exposure of Adult Rats to Transient Oxidative Stress Induces Various Long-Lasting Alterations in Cognitive and Behavioral Functions

Abstract

Exposure of neonates to oxidative stress may increase the risk of psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia in adulthood. However, the effects of moderate oxidative stress on the adult brain are not completely understood. To address this issue, we systemically administrated 2-cyclohexen-1-one (CHX) to adult rats to transiently reduce glutathione levels. Repeated administration of CHX did not affect the acquisition or motivation of an appetitive instrumental behavior (lever pressing) rewarded by a food outcome under a progressive ratio schedule. In addition, response discrimination and reversal learning were not affected. However, acute CHX administration blunted the sensitivity of the instrumental performance to outcome devaluation, and this effect was prolonged in rats with a history of repeated CHX exposure, representing pro-depression-like phenotypes. On the other hand, repeated CHX administration reduced immobility in forced swimming tests and blunted acute cocaine-induced behaviors, implicating antidepressant-like effects. Multivariate analyses segregated a characteristic group of behavioral variables influenced by repeated CHX administration. Taken together, these findings suggest that repeated administration of CHX to adult rats did not cause a specific mental disorder, but it induced long-term alterations in behavioral and cognitive functions, possibly related to specific neural correlates.

The Functional Study of a Chinese Herbal Compounded Antidepressant Medicine – Jie Yu Chu Fan Capsule on Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress Mouse Model

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Oxidative stress, prefrontal cortex hypomyelination and cognitive symptoms in schizophrenia

“…41 Inversely, glutathione depletion in rats leads to SZ-like phenotypes. 42 , 43 , 44 In addition, knockout mice that lack a crucial subunit of the GCL enzyme show significant reduction of glutathione levels in the anterior cortex, 45 especially during the prepuberal period, which is followed by SZ-like behaviour in the time frame of disease onset 46 and SZ-like neural changes in the hippocampus (HIP) of the adult knockout mice, including an increase in oxidative stress and a decrease in the number of parvalbumin (PV) interneurons. 47 Therefore, redox imbalance may represent the main trigger for brain alterations before disease onset, which negatively influence cognition later on.…”

Endodontic medicine: interrelationships among apical periodontitis, systemic disorders, and tissue responses of dental materials

“…It is important to highlight that induction of oxidative stress even with a transient increase can promote systemic effects, including dementia, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease, 83 and variations in behavioral and cognitive function. 84 Furthermore, the elevated levels of lipid peroxidation products are associated with atherosclerosis 85 and kidney disease. 86 Therefore, considering the fact that only a few investigations have been performed to assess the systemic effect of endodontic sealers, it is clear that further studies are necessary to elucidate their possible toxic effects, as this relationship is not yet completely understood.…”