Repeated hypothalamic stimulation with neuropeptide Y increases daily carbohydrate and fat intake and body weight gain in female rats

Stanley, B. Glenn; Anderson, Kerr; Grayson, Marcia H.; Leibowitz, Sarah F.

doi:10.1016/0031-9384(89)90251-5

Cited by 139 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…This NPY-induced increase in respiratory quotient, reflecting a diversion of metabolism toward carbohydrate utilization to support fat synthesis, is consistent with other evidence showing NPY to promote white fat lipid storage, reduce sympathetic activationof interscapular brown adipose tissue, and decrease brown fat thermogenesis (26,27,55,57). Throughthesemetabolic actions, as well asthe daily hyperphagiafor carbohydrate and to a lesser extent fat, chronic NPY stimulation increases lipogenesis and body weight gain; it mimics the endocrine and metabolic changes associated with obesity (159,162,195,196). While repeated ventricular injections of GAL produce overeating in the inactive period of the daily cycle, compensatory adjustments during the feeding period preclude alterations in total caloric intakeand weightgain (158).…”

Section: Physiological and Behavioral Effects Of Brain Peptidessupporting

confidence: 87%

Brain Peptides and Obesity: Pharmacologic Treatment

Leibowitz

1995

Obesity Research

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104

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LEIBOWITZ, SARAH F. Brain peptides and obesity: pharmacologic treatment. ObesRes. 1995;3(Supp14):573S-5893. Obesity results from an imbalance between nutrient ingestion andmetabolism,withmore calories being ingested than utilized. Thebrain plays animportant roleincoordinating these complex behavioral and physiologicalfunctions, operating through multiple neurochemical systems with distinct properties. This review focuses on two hypothalamicpeptide systems, neuropeptide Y (NPY) and galanin (GAL), that illustrate how the brain operates through different mechanisms to control the body's nutrient stores, in different states o r conditions. These peptides have different behavioralandphysiologicaleffects andare,themselves,differentially responsive to feedback signals from circulating steroids,peptides,and nutrients. They canbedistinguishedby their relation to natural feeding patterns and endogenous hormones and by their specificity of action in relation to natural biological rhythms.Theneuroanatomicalsubstrates involved in these actionsaf NPY and GAL are also distinct. The neurocircuit mediating NPY's actions originates in the arcuatenucleus and terminates in the medial portion of the paraventricular nucleus; the GAGcontaining neurons, in contrast, are concentrated in the lateral portion of the paraventricular nucleus, in addition to the medial preoptic area, which contribute to 1ocalGALinnervation as wellas projections to the median eminence. Regarding their distinct functions, the evidence suggests that the NPY system is more closely related to patterns of carbohydrate ingestion andcarbohydrate utilization, channeling nutrients towards the synthesisoffat. Itismost strongly activatedatthestartoftheactive feeding cycle or afterweaning,in close association with the adrenal steroid,corticosterone. The GAL system,in contrast, is more closely associated with patterns of fat consumption and signals related to fat oxidation. This peptide systemis most active duringthemiddleof the feeding cycle or immediately afterpuberty,in close associationwith the gonadal steroids. The gene expression and synthesis of these peptides in their respective neuronal cell groups is inhibited by circulating insulin and altered by dietary nutriFrom the Rockefeller University, New York, NY

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Section: Physiological and Behavioral Effects Of Brain Peptidessupporting

confidence: 87%

Brain Peptides and Obesity: Pharmacologic Treatment

Leibowitz

1995

Obesity Research

Self Cite

104

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“…13 It can also be the consequence of an increased concentration of neuropeptide Y induced by exercise. 33 Physical activity increased complex carbohydrate intake but not the total amount of simple sugars. This observation is consistent with increased consumption of starch but not of sucrose, reported in rats, when energy needs are high (after fasting).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Physical activity and body composition in 10 year old French children: linkages with nutritional intake?

1997

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OBJECTIVES: To investigate the relationships between physical activity, dietary intake and body composition in children. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study on physical activity, nutritional intakes and body composition conducted in 86 healthy 10 y old French children. In addition, growth parameters and nutritional intakes were available from the age of 10 months. MEASUREMENTS: Physical activity level (using a validated activity questionnaire over the past year), nutritional intake (dietary history method), anthropometric measurements (body weight, height, arm circumference, triceps and subscapular skinfolds, Body Mass Index (BMI), arm muscle and arm fat areas calculated from these measurements) at the age of 10 y. Anthropometric measurements and nutritional intakes were recorded in the same children at the age of 10 months and every 2 y from the age of 2 y. RESULTS: At the age of 10 y, active children ingested signi®cantly more energy than less active children, mostly due to higher energy intake at breakfast and in the afternoon. This higher energy intake was accounted for by increased consumption of carbohydrates (281 g vs 246 g; 49.6% vs 47.4% of total energy). Even if the amounts of fat consumed were similar in both groups (90 g vs 84 g; P 0.09), the percentage of fat intake was lower in active children (35.4% vs 37.4%; P 0.04). The percentage of protein was not different (14.9% vs 15.3%; P 0.33). In spite of a higher energy intake in the active group, active and less active children had similar BMI at the age of 10 y. However, their body composition differed signi®cantly: active children had a higher proportion of fat-free mass, a lower proportion of fatmass as measured in the arm and they had a later adiposity rebound. Fatness was signi®cantly and positively associated with the time spent watching television and video games. CONCLUSIONS: Physical activity was associated with improved body composition and growth pattern. This association may be related to nutritional changes: active children consumed more energy by increasing carbohydrate, thus reducing the relative fat content of their diet. These results provide support to encourage physical activity during childhood.

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“…NPY can override the appetite-suppressing effect of cholecystokinin, although its own orexigenic action in the PVN can be antagonized by CRF 13,55361. Following acute NPY administration, rats preferentially eat carbohydraterich food but tend to select fatty foods during repeated NPY stimulation, and it has been suggested that NPY acting in the PVN may be involved in regulating the choice of macronutrients in the diet [57,58]. With repeated NPY injections into the PVN, a robust feeding response persists-even though the stomach and intestines become engorged with food-and the rats ultimately develop obesity, with a true increase in body fat content [50,58,59].…”

Section: Does Npy Affect Energy Balance?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuropeptide Y and energy balance: one way ahead for the treatment of obesity?

Dryden

Frankish

Wang

et al. 1994

Eur J Clin Investigation

123

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Abstract. Obesity is a vast and ever-expanding problem in affluent societies, which we have so far failed to confront. Over 20% of Western European and North American adults are overweight to a degree which may potentially shorten their life expectancy. Obesity has well-known associations with non-insulin-dependent diabetes (NIDDM), hypertension, dyslipidaemia and coronary heart disease, as well as less obvious links with diseases such as osteoarthrosis and various malignancies; it also causes considerable problems through reduced mobility and decreased quality of life. The overall financial burden of obesity is impossible to calculate precisely, but may account for 6-8% of total health-care expenditure in North America [ 13 (similar estimates probably apply to Western Europe).Obesity is difficult to treat and many patients remain obstinately overweight despite our best efforts. The available options range from behavioural therapy to gastrointestinal surgery and include numerous drugs designed to suppress appetite or increase energy expenditure. As in many other areas of medicine, the length and diversity of this list are reliable signs that effective treatment is still beyond our reach.This article argues that new anti-obesity drugs may emerge from recent advances in understanding the control of energy balance in rodents. The discussion is structured around neuropeptide Y (NPY), a major brain peptide which at present appears to be important in regulating energy balance and seems a promising candidate for therapeutic exploitation.

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Repeated hypothalamic stimulation with neuropeptide Y increases daily carbohydrate and fat intake and body weight gain in female rats

Cited by 139 publications

References 23 publications

Brain Peptides and Obesity: Pharmacologic Treatment

Brain Peptides and Obesity: Pharmacologic Treatment

Physical activity and body composition in 10 year old French children: linkages with nutritional intake?

Neuropeptide Y and energy balance: one way ahead for the treatment of obesity?

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