Repeated impact response of hand lay-up and vacuum infusion thick glass reinforced laminates

Belingardi, Giovanni; Cavatorta, Maria Pia; Paolino, Davide Salvatore

doi:10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2007.02.005

Cited by 93 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…4a-c, the peak force sustained by the composite increased initially until the maximum peak force was reached. This phenomenon has been reported by other researchers as well [6,7,17,24] can be exemplified by two reasons. First, Wyrick and Adams [6,25] suggested the initial increase in the peak force resulting from the compaction process of the thin layer of unreinforced resin at the impacted surface.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 67%

“…Belingardi et al [7,8] tested thick glass-reinforced plastics laminated composites via repeated impacts, with an emphasis on the comparison between the more traditional hand lay-up manufacturing technique and a viable alternative such as vacuum infusion. They reported that no significant differences existed in the force, energy curves and damage parameter for tests, in which no perforation happened.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of repeated impacts on the response of plain-woven hybrid composites

Sevkat

Liaw

Delale

et al. 2010

Composites Part B: Engineering

130

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 67%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of repeated impacts on the response of plain-woven hybrid composites

Sevkat

Liaw

Delale

et al. 2010

Composites Part B: Engineering

130

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…The slope of the force-deflection curve, which represents the contact stiffness, increased monotonously until damage occurred. This behavior is similar to the contact forceindentation impression relation commonly observed in hard tests [26] as well as lowvelocity impacts on composites [27,28]. Table 1.…”

Section: â ãsupporting

confidence: 82%

Effects of Constituents and Lay-up Configuration on Drop-Weight Tests of Fiber-Metal Laminates

Liu

Liaw

2009

Appl Compos Mater

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Impact responses and damage of various fiber-metal laminates were studied using a drop-weight instrument with the post-impact damage characteristics being evaluated through ultrasonic and mechanical sectioning techniques. The first severe failure induced by the low-velocity drop-weight impact occurred as delamination between the aluminum and fiber-epoxy layers at the non-impact side. It was followed by a visible shear crack in the outer aluminum layer on the non-impact face. Through-thickness shear cracks in the aluminum sheets and severe damage in the fiber laminated layers (including delamination between adjacent fiber-epoxy laminae with different fiber orientations) developed under higher energy impacts. The impact properties of fiber-metal laminates varied with different constituent materials and fiber orientations. Since it was punched through easily, the aramid-fiber reinforced fiber-metal laminates (ARALL) offered poorer impact resistance than the glass-fiber reinforced fiber-metal laminates (GLARE). Tougher and more ductile aluminum alloys improved the impact resistance. GLARE made of cross-ply prepregs provided better impact resistance than GLARE with unidirectional plies.

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“…The idea of an improved definition for the DD came up during a series of repeated impact tests on 12.31 mm thick laminates for nautical applications [10]. Four impact energies were considered (25 J…”

Section: From the Damage Degree To The Damage Indexmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Not having access to the quasi-static perforation curve, it was assumed that the quasi-static displacement s QS was equal to the s MAX at perforation, similarly to what observed in thick glass/vinylester laminates [10]. Figure 9 depicts impact data for a 6.25 mm thick glass-epoxy laminate [7] analysed in terms of DD and DI.…”

Section: Vs Dd: Analysis Of Impact Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

A new damage index to monitor the range of the penetration process in thick laminates

Belingardi

Cavatorta

Paolino

2008

Composites Science and Technology

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A damage variable (damage degree DD) representing the ratio between the absorbed energy and the impact energy was introduced in 1998 by Belingardi and Vadori to assess damage accumulation caused by low-velocity impacts. More recently, repeated impact tests carried out on thick laminates pointed out the significance and extent of the penetration process in thick laminates, which the DD is unable to monitor as, by definition, it reaches the value of one at penetration to remain unchanged over the entire penetration process. In the present paper, a new damage variable (damage index DI) is proposed to overcome shortcomings of the DD with respect to thick laminates. By introducing the displacement of the impactor into the definition of the DI, the depth of the penetration process is taken into account. Normalization by the displacement of the quasi-static perforation test allows for a non-dimensional damage variable which is shown to reach the value of one at perforation. Validity of the approach is proven against impact data obtained for different fibre-matrix architectures and laminate thickness. Results show that the DI can effectively differentiate between penetration and perforation thresholds, increasing monotonically within the range of the penetration process. In particular, the DI is shown to increase linearly with the impact energy up to penetration and to rise quite abruptly within the range of the penetration process. Results for repeated impact tests prove that at first the DI increases quite linearly impact after impact, owing to a steady accumulation of damage. A few impacts before penetration a sudden rise in the DI value points out a change in the rate of damage accumulation.

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Repeated impact response of hand lay-up and vacuum infusion thick glass reinforced laminates

Cited by 93 publications

References 11 publications

Effect of repeated impacts on the response of plain-woven hybrid composites

Effect of repeated impacts on the response of plain-woven hybrid composites

Effects of Constituents and Lay-up Configuration on Drop-Weight Tests of Fiber-Metal Laminates

A new damage index to monitor the range of the penetration process in thick laminates

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