Repeated In Vitro Impact Conditioning of Astrocytes Decreases the Expression and Accumulation of Extracellular Matrix

Walker, Addison; Kim, Johntaehwan; Wyatt, Joseph; Terlouw, Abby; Balachandran, Kartik; Wolchok, Jeffrey C.

doi:10.1007/s10439-019-02219-y

Cited by 5 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 62 publications

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“… Ojo et al 2013 ; Mannix et al 2014 ; Xu et al 2016 ). Interestingly, and in line with our findings of chronic repetitive injury, a recent in vitro study found that astrocytes developed mechano-sensitivity to repeated impact conditions and actually demonstrated reductions in mRNA for genes such as GFAP, collagen, and versican ( Walker et al 2019 ). It is therefore possible that the repetitive injuries also sensitized the astrocytic response.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Examining the Progressive Behavior and Neuropathological Outcomes Associated with Chronic Repetitive Mild Traumatic Brain Injury in Rats

Eyolfson

Yamakawa

Griep

et al. 2020

Cerebral Cortex Communications

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While the physical and behavioral symptomologies associated with a single mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) are typically transient, repetitive mTBIs (RmTBI) have been associated with persisting neurological deficits. Therefore, this study examined the progressive changes in behavior and the neuropathological outcomes associated with chronic RmTBI through adolescence and adulthood in male and female Sprague Dawley rats. Rats experienced 2 mTBIs/week for 15 weeks and were periodically tested for changes in motor behavior, cognitive function, emotional disturbances, and aggression. Brain tissue was examined for neuropathological changes in ventricle size and presentation of Iba1 and GFAP. We did not see progressively worse behavioral impairments with the accumulation of injuries or time, but did find evidence for neurological and functional change (motor disturbance, reduced exploration, reduced aggression, alteration in depressive-like behavior, deficits in short-term working memory). Neuropathological assessment of RmTBI animals identified an increase in ventricle size, prolonged changes in GFAP, and sex differences in Iba1, in the corpus callosum, thalamus, and medial prefrontal cortex. Telomere length reduced exponentially as the injury load increased. Overall, chronic RmTBI did not result in accumulating behavioral impairment, and there is a need to further investigate progressive behavioral changes associated with repeated injuries in adolescence and young adulthood.

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