Repeated sprints alter mechanical work done by hip and knee, but not ankle, sagittal moments

Gonçalves, Basílio A.M.; Meinders, E.; Saxby, David J.; Barrett, Rod; Bourne, Matthew N.; Diamond, Laura E.

doi:10.1016/j.jsams.2021.03.008

Cited by 11 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Consistent with the observed reductions in maximal running speed after repeated sprint exercise (14%-22%), we found decreased hip angles and moments after repeated sprint exercise compared with baseline in all 3 groups with no between-group differences. Decreases in hip flexion and extension moments were observed mainly during the swing phase, in agreement with previous findings of reduced hip moments 14,15 and hip muscle activity 11 after repeated sprints during the swing phase of running. Although our results suggest hip moments during running in people with FAIS are comparable to asymptomatic people, regardless of the presence of cam morphology, our analysis does not account for muscle co-contraction or nonlinear musculotendon dynamics that influence internal hip loading.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Subsequently, participants' overground accelerated sprint running biomechanics and isometric strength (Online Appendix Table 1) were evaluated before and after a repeated sprint exercise protocol performed on the nonmotorized treadmill. 14 All data were recorded using Vicon Nexus 2.7.1 software (Vicon, Oxford Metrics Group) and processed using MATLAB R2018b (MathWorks) and OpenSim (Version 3.3; simbios, Version 3.3, https://simtk.org/projects/opensim) 7 to calculate hip joint angles and moments, maximum isometric torque, and spatiotemporal parameters. Pre to post percentage differences in spatiotemporal and torque data were calculated as a mean difference (MD = (post -pre)/pre × 100).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Subsequently, participants’ overground accelerated sprint running biomechanics and isometric strength (Online Appendix Table 1) were evaluated before and after a repeated sprint exercise protocol performed on the nonmotorized treadmill. 14…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Extra familiarization sprints were performed at participant request. Following strength testing, participants were equipped with a full-body reflective marker-set (61 markers) prior to performing a bout of repeated sprint exercise (described in detail elsewhere 16 ). The exercise consisted of 12x30 m sprints on a non-motorized treadmill.…”

Section: Repeated Sprint Exercise Protocolmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Running Mechanics After Repeated Sprints in Femoroacetabular Impingement Syndrome, Cam Morphology, and Controls

Gonçalves

Saxby

Meinders

et al. 2022

Sports Health: A Multidisciplinary Approach

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Background: People with femoroacetabular with femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAIS) often report pain during sports involving repeated sprinting. It remains unclear how sports participation influences running biomechanics in individuals with FAIS. Hypothesis: Changes in running biomechanics and/or isometric hip strength after repeated sprint exercise would be greatest in individuals with FAIS compared with asymptomatic individuals with (CAM) and without cam morphology (Control). Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Level of Evidence: Level 3. Methods: Three-dimensional hip biomechanics during maximal running (10 m) and hip strength were measured in 49 recreationally active individuals (FAIS = 15; CAM = 16; Control = 18) before and after repeated sprint exercise performed on a nonmotorized treadmill (8-16 × 30 m). Effects of group and time were assessed for biomechanics and strength variables with repeated-measures analyses of variance. Relationships between hip pain (Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score) and changes in hip moments and strength after repeated sprint exercise were determined using Spearman’s correlation coefficients (ρ). Results: Running speed, hip flexion angles, hip flexion and extension moments, and hip strength in all muscle groups were significantly reduced from pre to post. No significant between-group differences were observed before or after repeated sprint exercise. No significant relationships (ρ = 0.04-0.30) were observed between hip pain and changes in hip moments or strength in the FAIS group. Conclusion: Changes in running biomechanics and strength after repeated sprint exercise did not differ between participants with FAIS and asymptomatic participants with and without cam morphology. Self-reported pain did not appear to influence biomechanics during running or strength after repeated sprint exercise in participants with FAIS. Clinical Relevance: A short bout of repeated sprinting may not elicit changes in running biomechanics in FAIS beyond what occurs in those without symptoms. Longer duration activities or activities requiring greater hip flexion angles may better provoke pathology-related changes in running biomechanics in people with FAIS.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Repeated Sprint Exercise Protocolmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Running Mechanics After Repeated Sprints in Femoroacetabular Impingement Syndrome, Cam Morphology, and Controls

Gonçalves

Saxby

Meinders

et al. 2022

Sports Health: A Multidisciplinary Approach

Self Cite

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“…The angle between the resultant contact force and pelvic vertical axis was calculated in sagittal and frontal planes to represent direction of hip contact force (hip contact force angle). Mean running speed (m•s −1 ), acceleration (m•s −2 ), stride length (m), and stride frequency (Hz) were calculated as previously described (29). Statistical analysis.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hip Contact Forces During Sprinting in Femoroacetabular Impingement Syndrome

GONÇALVES,

SAXBY,

MEINDERS

et al. 2023

Medicine &Amp; Science in Sports &Amp; Exercise

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Purpose Sprinting often provokes hip pain in individuals with femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAIS). Asphericity of the femoral head-neck junction (cam morphology) characteristic of FAIS can increase risk of anterior-superior acetabular cartilage damage. This study aimed to: 1) compare hip contact forces (magnitude and direction) during sprinting between individuals with FAIS, asymptomatic cam morphology (CAM), and controls without cam morphology, and 2) identify the phases of sprinting with high levels of anteriorly directed hip contact forces. Methods Forty-six recreationally active individuals with comparable levels of physical activity were divided into three groups (FAIS = 14; CAM = 15; control = 17) based on their history of hip/groin pain, results of a clinical impingement test, and presence of cam morphology (alpha angle>55°). Three-dimensional marker trajectories, ground reaction forces, and electromyograms (EMG) from 12 lower-limb muscles were recorded during 10 m overground sprinting trials. A linearly scaled EMG-informed neuromusculoskeletal model was used to calculate hip contact force magnitude (resultant, anterior-posterior, inferior-superior, medio-lateral) and angle (sagittal and frontal planes). Between-group comparisons were made using 2-sample t-tests via statistical parametric mapping (P < 0.05). Results No significant differences in magnitude or direction of hip contact forces were observed between FAIS and CAM or between FAIS and control groups during any phase of the sprint cycle. The highest anteriorly directed hip contact forces were observed during the initial swing phase of the sprint cycle. Conclusions Hip contact forces during sprinting do not differentiate recreationally active individuals with FAIS from asymptomatic individuals with and without cam morphology. Hip loading during early swing, where peak anterior loading occurs, may be a potential mechanism for cartilage damage during sprinting related sports in individuals with FAIS and/or asymptomatic cam morphology.

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Muscle Morphology Does Not Solely Determine Knee Flexion Weakness After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction with a Semitendinosus Tendon Graft: A Combined Experimental and Computational Modeling Study

Kositsky,

Stenroth,

Barrett

et al. 2024

Ann Biomed Eng

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The distal semitendinosus tendon is commonly harvested for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, inducing substantial morbidity at the knee. The aim of this study was to probe how morphological changes of the semitendinosus muscle after harvest of its distal tendon for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction affects knee flexion strength and whether the knee flexor synergists can compensate for the knee flexion weakness. Ten participants 8–18 months after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with an ipsilateral distal semitendinosus tendon autograft performed isometric knee flexion strength testing (15°, 45°, 60°, and 90°; 0° = knee extension) positioned prone on an isokinetic dynamometer. Morphological parameters extracted from magnetic resonance images were used to inform a musculoskeletal model. Knee flexion moments estimated by the model were then compared with those measured experimentally at each knee angle position. A statistically significant between-leg difference in experimentally-measured maximal isometric strength was found at 60° and 90°, but not 15° or 45°, of knee flexion. The musculoskeletal model matched the between-leg differences observed in experimental knee flexion moments at 15° and 45° but did not well estimate between-leg differences with a more flexed knee, particularly at 90°. Further, the knee flexor synergists could not physiologically compensate for weakness in deep knee flexion. These results suggest additional factors other than knee flexor muscle morphology play a role in knee flexion weakness following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with a distal semitendinosus tendon graft and thus more work at neural and microscopic levels is required for informing treatment and rehabilitation in this demographic.

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Repeated sprints alter mechanical work done by hip and knee, but not ankle, sagittal moments

Cited by 11 publications

References 38 publications

Running Mechanics After Repeated Sprints in Femoroacetabular Impingement Syndrome, Cam Morphology, and Controls

Running Mechanics After Repeated Sprints in Femoroacetabular Impingement Syndrome, Cam Morphology, and Controls

Hip Contact Forces During Sprinting in Femoroacetabular Impingement Syndrome

Muscle Morphology Does Not Solely Determine Knee Flexion Weakness After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction with a Semitendinosus Tendon Graft: A Combined Experimental and Computational Modeling Study

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