Repeating Nontectonic Seasonal Stress Changes and a Possible Triggering Mechanism of the 2019 Ridgecrest Earthquake Sequence in California

Kim, Jeonghyeop; Holt, W. E.; Bahadori, Alireza; Shen, Weisen

doi:10.1029/2021jb022188

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 90 publications

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“…This correlation also holds for damaging M>5.5 earthquakes in catalogs reaching back to 1781 (Johnson et al, 2017a). Horizontal GNSS displacements have also been used to estimate seasonal strain variations and to discuss their potential association with seismicity in California (e.g., Kreemer and Zaliapin, 2018;Kim et al, 2021b). Kreemer and Zaliapin (2018) proposed that hydrologically induced seasonal strain may cause a larger stress release in an earthquake and fewer aftershocks.…”

Section: Seasonal Hydrological and Atmospheric Loadsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…GNSS time series to calculate the strain and stress changes in the northern San Francisco Bay Area and found the 2014 M6.0 South Napa earthquake occurred during a period with peak seasonal Coulomb stress. Using a similar method, Kim et al (2021a) reported that the 2019 Ridgecrest earthquake sequence took place at a time with higher seasonal stress. Both studies suggested the possible earthquake triggering from non-tectonic seasonal loading in California (Johnson et al, 2017a).…”

Section: Deformation and Seismicity From Changing Climate And Weathermentioning

confidence: 99%

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Climate- and Weather-Driven Solid-Earth Deformation and Seismicity

Bürgmann,

Chanard,

2023

Preprint

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There is long-standing interest in the interactions between atmospheric and hydrological processes and solid Earth deformation, including the occurrence of earthquakes. Here, we review evidence for the effects of climatic processes and weather on deformation and seismicity in the lithosphere over a wide range of time scales, ranging from load cycles associated with the ice ages to the effects of short-term weather events. Space- and ground-based geophysical observations allow us to capture the redistribution of surface loads in the form of water, ice, and sediments, as well as near-surface pressure and temperature changes in the atmosphere and varying fluid pressure in the shallow subsurface. While earthquakes are generally the result of tectonic or volcanic activity, the climatic forcings induce stress changes on faults that in some cases can be shown to significantly encourage or retard the occurrence of earthquakes, depending on the degree to which the external forces align with the background tectonic stress field. Stress changes associated with the emplacement and removal of km-thick ice sheets and lakes are large enough to substantially change slip- and earthquake rates on major plate-boundary faults and can also trigger events in largely aseismic continental interiors. However, climate-earthquake interactions are subtle and proving the interaction between climate and earthquakes requires careful mechanical modeling and statistical analysis. While investigations of earthquake weather and climate are not likely to be relevant for the characterization and mitigation of earthquake hazard, they provide important insights into the physical processes associated with lithospheric deformation, the earthquake cycle and frictional faulting in the Earth.

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Section: Seasonal Hydrological and Atmospheric Loadsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Deformation and Seismicity From Changing Climate And Weathermentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate- and Weather-Driven Solid-Earth Deformation and Seismicity

Bürgmann,

Chanard,

2023

Preprint

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“…Note that the observed stress rotations may not imply temporal variations of the stress field but may reflect noise due to inherent uncertainties in the focal mechanisms and stress inversions (Hardebeck, 2012;Townend and Zoback, 2001;Townend et al, 2012), and/or local stress heterogeneities prior to the mainshock (Smith and Dieterich, 2010;Yukutake et al, 2007Yukutake et al, , 2010 which contradict the assumed uniform stress field in the chosen spatial bin. Local stress heterogeneities are likely to be common and can be caused by geometrical changes of faults, heterogeneous non-tectonic local loadings and other mechanisms (Ben-Zion, 2008;Kim et al, 2021).…”

Section: Local P-axis Rotation After Major Rupturesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Refined Earthquake Focal Mechanism Catalog for Southern California Derived With Deep Learning Algorithms

2023

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“…Observations suggest that the seismicity rate can be influenced by both static and dynamic perturbations. Solid [320][321][322], liquid [323] and polar tides [324], seasonal stress patterns [325][326][327][328], and anthropogenic actions such as fluidinjection [329][330][331] can affect seismicity. The case of tides is really interesting because of the tiny size of tidal shear stress σ s ∼ 0.1−1 kPa with respect to the typical stress drop during earthquakes σ ∼ 1-10 MPa.…”

Section: The Effect Of Terrestrial Gradients On the Features Of Earth...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Earth’s gradients as the engine of plate tectonics and earthquakes

Zaccagnino

Doglioni

2022

Riv. Nuovo Cim.

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The processes occurring on the Earth are controlled by several gradients. The surface of the Planet is featured by complex geological patterns produced by both endogenous and exogenous phenomena. The lack of direct investigations still makes Earth interior poorly understood and prevents complete clarification of the mechanisms ruling geodynamics and tectonics. Nowadays, slab-pull is considered the force with the greatest impact on plate motions, but also ridge-push, trench suction and physico-chemical heterogeneities are thought to play an important role. However, several counterarguments suggest that these mechanisms are insufficient to explain plate tectonics. While large part of the scientific community agreed that either bottom-up or top-down driven mantle convection is the cause of lithospheric displacements, geodetic observations and geodynamic models also support an astronomical contribution to plate motions. Moreover, several evidences indicate that tectonic plates follow a mainstream and how the lithosphere has a roughly westerly drift with respect to the asthenospheric mantle. An even more wide-open debate rises for the occurrence of earthquakes, which should be framed within the different tectonic setting, which affects the spatial and temporal properties of seismicity. In extensional regions, the dominant source of energy is given by gravitational potential, whereas in strike-slip faults and thrusts, earthquakes mainly dissipate elastic potential energy indeed. In the present article, a review is given of the most significant results of the last years in the field of geodynamics and earthquake geology following the common thread of gradients, which ultimately shape our planet.

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Repeating Nontectonic Seasonal Stress Changes and a Possible Triggering Mechanism of the 2019 Ridgecrest Earthquake Sequence in California

Cited by 4 publications

References 90 publications

Climate- and Weather-Driven Solid-Earth Deformation and Seismicity

Climate- and Weather-Driven Solid-Earth Deformation and Seismicity

Refined Earthquake Focal Mechanism Catalog for Southern California Derived With Deep Learning Algorithms

Earth’s gradients as the engine of plate tectonics and earthquakes

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