Repellence of the tickRhipicephalus appendiculatus by the grassMelinis minutiflora

Mwangi, Esther N.; Essuman, Suliman; Kaaya, Godwin P.; Nyandat, E.; Munyinyi, D. M.; Kimondo, Mark

doi:10.1007/bf02250692

Cited by 23 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…In Kenya, a number of plants have been shown to affect and modify tick behaviours, particularly with repellency potentials. For instance, Commiphora erythraea and C. myrrh [116]; gum of C. holtziana [117]; Cleome monophylla [118]; Ocimum suave [119]; and G. gynandra [120] have been demonstrated to contain essential oils which have repellent components against Rhipicephalus appendiculatus . Various tribes in Kenya have traditionally used different plant-derived materials to control ticks.…”

Section: State Of Knowledge On Ethnobotanicals That Affect Livestomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This feasibility is justified by numerous scientific and socioanthropological reports of surveys and laboratory studies on African plants with effects on livestock ticks [104, 126, 127, 129, 149, 151, 165, 166, 199, 204–210]. A number of plants that have been conventionally examined for acaricidal properties include Melinis minutiflora [119, 211], Commiphora erythraea and C. myrrh [116], Ocimum suave [179], Margaritaria discoidea [174], Tephrosia vogelii [199], Azadirachta indica [46, 141, 142, 212], Nicotiana tabacum [43], Gynandropsis gynandra [44, 109, 120], Euphorbia candelabrum [140], and Ageratum houstonianum [126]. Other many African plant species with potential for use in tick control and management programmes have been documented and recorded during the many ethnoveterinary survey studies conducted in local African communities [47, 67, 104, 117, 127, 151, 153, 165, 166, 198, 199, 208].…”

Section: Plant Species With Prospects For Tick Control and Managemmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Potential of Traditional Knowledge of Plants in the Management of Arthropods in Livestock Industry with Focus on (Acari) Ticks

Wanzala

2017

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

102

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Antitick plants and related ethnoknowledge/ethnopractices with potential for integrated tick control and management strategies to improve livestock production are reviewed. About 231 plants reviewed showed a variety of bioactive properties, namely, being toxic, repellent, antifeedant, and antiovipositant and ability to immobilize target tick species. These ethnobotanical substances are potentially useful in developing sustainable, efficient, and effective antitick agents suitable for rural livestock farmers. Majority of these plants are holistic in action, economically affordable, user friendly, easily adaptable and accessible, and environmentally friendly and help develop community-driven tick control interventions well suited to local conditions and specific to different livestock communities. Such a multipurpose intervention best fits the recent ascendancy of individual livestock owners as the key players in tick control programmes, particularly following the withdrawal of subsidies accorded to tick control programmes by most African government agencies since mid-1980s. However, scientific validation of antitick ethnobotanicals on their efficacy and formulation of packages easily handled by local communities is necessary to achieve a significantly increased use of such remedies. It is envisaged that the results of validation may lead to the discovery of effective and affordable antitick products. The effectiveness of these “best bets” ethnopractices can be greatest, if they are appropriately blended with conventional technologies.

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Section: State Of Knowledge On Ethnobotanicals That Affect Livestomentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Plant Species With Prospects For Tick Control and Managemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential of Traditional Knowledge of Plants in the Management of Arthropods in Livestock Industry with Focus on (Acari) Ticks

Wanzala

2017

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

102

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“…Several studies with plant extracts of Ocimum suave, Gynandropsis gynandra, Azadirachta indica have reported the effectiveness of such plants as repellents, feeding inhibitors and other actions on the biology of these ticks (Malonza et al, 1992;Mwangi et al, 1995).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficiency of the latex from Euphorbia splendens var. hislopii (N.E. Br.) Ursch & Leandri, Euphorbiaceae, in the control of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) sanguineus (Latreille, 1806) (Acari: Ixodidae)

Pinto¹,

Queiroz²,

Barbosa³

2011

Rev. bras. farmacogn.

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Abstract:The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the latex from Euphorbia splendens var. hislopii (N.E. Br.) Ursch & Leandri, Euphorbiaceae, on the eggs and engorged larvae of Rhipicephalus (B.) sanguineus (Latreille, 1806) (Acari: Ixodidae). Six aqueous concentrations: 25, 50, 100, 125, 250 and 500 µL/L of the latex of this plant were tested. The control group was tested only with distilled water. The latex of E. splendens var. hislopii presented an LD50 of 18.031 µL/L and LD90 of 84.610 µL/L against the eggs of R. (B.) sanguineus. The larvae of all the groups treated with the latex presented a low survival rate of 0% at 25 μL/L, 1% at 50 µL/L, 2% at 100 µL/L, 3% at 125 µL/L, 9% at 250 µL/L, 5% at 500 μL/L when compared with the control group (91%). On day 7 and 14 after the application the latex killed more efficiently the treated groups (25, 50, 100, 125, 250 and 500 µL/L). As from day 21 the latex became less effective for all treatments. Our results clearly show that the aqueous concentration of the latex have a strong effect on tick eggs and larvae suggesting that it could become an important acaricide.

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“…The use of African plant oils and resins to control tick pests through repellency, immobilization or acaricidal activity has been studied elsewhere. The essential oil of molasses grass, Melinis minutiflora, has been shown to repel the brown-ear tick, Rhipicephalus appendiculatus (Mwangi et al, 1995), as has the essential oil of the shrub, Cleome monophylla (Ndungu et al, 1995), Ce. hirta , and the East African shrub, Gynandropsis gynandra .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antiectoparasitic activity of the gum resin, gum haggar, from the East African plant, Commiphora holtziana

et al. 2008

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a b s t r a c tThe mechanism of ixodid tick (Acari: Ixodidae) repellency by gum haggar, a resin produced by Commiphora holtziana (Burseraceae), was investigated by evaluating activity against the cattle tick, Boophilus microplus. In an arena bioassay, a hexane extract of the resin of C. holtziana exhibited a repellent effect lasting up to 5 h. The hydrocarbon fraction of the resin extract was shown to account for the repellent activity, and was analysed by coupled gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Major sesquiterpene hydrocarbons were tentatively identified as germacrene-D, d-elemene and b-bourbonene. The identity and stereochemistry of the former compound was confirmed as the (+)-isomer by peak enhancement using enantioselective GC, whereas the latter 2 compounds, which are most likely degradation products of germacrene-type precursors, were identified through isolation by preparative gas chromatography followed by microprobe-NMR spectroscopy. GC comparison of gum haggar with another resin, C. myrrha, which was inactive in the tick bioassay, showed that the latter contained much lower levels of these hydrocarbons. To assess the suitability of the gum haggar resin as a general acarine repellent, further tests were made on a major acarine pest of European and US animal husbandry systems, the red poultry mite, Dermanyssus gallinae (Acari: Dermanyssidae). Gum haggar extract, and the isolated hydrocarbon fraction, showed strong repellent effects in an olfactometer assay, and again gum myrrh showed no effect. These findings provide a scientific basis for the observed anti-tick properties of gum haggar, and demonstrate the potential for its development as a general acarine repellent for use in animal husbandry systems.

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Repellence of the tickRhipicephalus appendiculatus by the grassMelinis minutiflora

Cited by 23 publications

References 4 publications

Potential of Traditional Knowledge of Plants in the Management of Arthropods in Livestock Industry with Focus on (Acari) Ticks

Potential of Traditional Knowledge of Plants in the Management of Arthropods in Livestock Industry with Focus on (Acari) Ticks

Efficiency of the latex from Euphorbia splendens var. hislopii (N.E. Br.) Ursch & Leandri, Euphorbiaceae, in the control of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) sanguineus (Latreille, 1806) (Acari: Ixodidae)

Antiectoparasitic activity of the gum resin, gum haggar, from the East African plant, Commiphora holtziana

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