Repellency of methyl jasmonate to Ixodes ricinus nymphs (Acari: Ixodidae)

Garboui, Samira S.; Jaenson, Thomas G. T.; Borg‐Karlson, Anna‐Karin; Pålsson, Katinka

doi:10.1007/s10493-007-9066-1

Cited by 21 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…After all, DEET, a more recent synthetic counterpart developed by molecular modeling (2), picaridin, and methyl jasmonate share similar structural motifs, which are essential for activity (20), and methyl jasmonate is a repellent for the southern house mosquito, as well as ticks (21). CquiOR136•CquiOrcoexpressing oocytes challenged with methyl jasmonate generated strong responses, whereas jasmonic acid elicited very low responses (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4). Jasmonic acid is a nonvolatile compound and, therefore, unlikely to repel at a distance, whereas methyl jasmonate has the ideal vapor pressure for a repellent (3.37 × 10 −4 mmHg at 25°C; toxnet.nlm.nih.gov), is released by injured plants (19), and has been demonstrated to be a repellent (21). Indeed, we observed in our surface-landing and feeding assay that methyl jasmonate is a repellent for the southern house mosquito (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mosquito odorant receptor for DEET and methyl jasmonate

Choo

Rosa

et al. 2014

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

153

174

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Insect repellents are important prophylactic tools for travelers and populations living in endemic areas of malaria, dengue, encephalitis, and other vector-borne diseases. DEET (N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide) is a 6-decade-old synthetic repellent, which is still considered the gold standard of mosquito repellents. Mosquitoes use their sense of smell to detect DEET, but there are currently two hypotheses regarding its mode of action: activation of ionotropic receptor IR40a vs. odorant receptor(s). Here, we demonstrate that DEET, picaridin, insect repellent 3535, and p-menthan-3,8-diol activate the odorant receptor CquiOR136 of the southern house mosquito, Culex quinquefasciatus. Electrophysiological and behavioral assays showed that CquiIR40a knockdown had no significant effect on DEET detection and repellency. By contrast, reduction of CquiOR136 transcript levels led to a significant decrease in electroantennographic responses to DEET and a complete lack of repellency. Thus, direct activation of an odorant receptor, not an ionotropic receptor, is necessary for DEET reception and repellency in Culex mosquitoes. Interestingly, methyl jasmonate, a repellent derived from the nonvolatile jasmonic acid in the signaling pathway of plant defenses, elicited robust responses in CquiOR136• CquiOrco-expressing Xenopus oocytes, thus suggesting a possible link between natural products with long insect-plant evolutionary history and synthetic repellents. I nsect repellents have been used since ancient times as prophylactic agents against diseases transmitted by mosquitoes and other arthropods, including malaria, dengue fever, and encephalitis. They were developed from plant-based smoke or extracts (essential oils) into formulations with a single active ingredient. DEET (N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide), a synthetic compound developed more than 6 decades ago, is the most widely used substance. Unfortunately, people in endemic areas who need insect repellents the most cannot afford to use DEET daily, whereas a significant proportion of those who need and can afford it, do not use DEET because of undesirable properties such as an unpleasant odor. Molecular modeling led to the development of insect repellent (IR) 3535 (1) and picaridin (2), but progress toward development of better and more affordable repellents has been slow, because DEET receptors in mosquitoes are hitherto unknown.There are currently two hypotheses regarding DEET reception. One school postulates that the widespread effect of DEET olfactory repellency is mediated by a well-conserved ionotropic receptor, IR40a (3), whereas the other (4, 5) favors a pathway involving odorant receptor(s). Here we report that the southern house mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus uses an odorant receptor, CquiOR136, to detect DEET, picaridin, IR3535, pmenthan-3,8-diol (PMD), and a plant defense-signaling compound, methyl jasmonate. Results and DiscussionTo test whether DEET olfactory repellency in the southern house mosquito is mediated by IR40a (3), we cloned CquiIR40a, the C. quinquefas...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mosquito odorant receptor for DEET and methyl jasmonate

Choo

Rosa

et al. 2014

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

153

174

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…However, with the exception of several studies that tested treated drags against Dermacentor variabilis (Say) (Granett and French 1950) and I. ricinus L. Garboui et al 2006Garboui et al , 2007, these sampling methods have not been routinely used to Þeld test repellents. In these preliminary trials, we found that tick drags and CO 2 traps were useful screening techniques for Þeld-testing the relative effectiveness of several repellents over time and that they met the criteria suggested by Bissinger and Roe (2010) of being easy to perform, rapid, and inexpensive.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Use of Two Standard Tick Collection Methods to Evaluate the Relative Effectiveness of Several Plant-Derived and Synthetic Repellents Against Ixodes scapularis and Amblyomma americanum (Acari: Ixodidae)

2011

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We used two standard tick collection methods to test the relative effectiveness of two natural product compounds (nootkatone and carvacrol, classified as an eremophilene sesquiterpene and a monoterpene, respectively, that are derived from botanical sources) with commercially-available plant-derived (EcoSMART Organic Insect Repellent, comprised of plant essential oils) and permethrin-based (Repel Permanone) repellents against Ixodes scapularis Say and Amblyomma americanum (L.). Cloth drags were equally effective in sampling both species of host-seeking nymphs, whereas CO, traps attracted primarily A. americanum. All four repellents performed well on drags, with nootkatone and Permanone Repel (100% repelled through 14 d) slightly more effective than carvacrol and EcoSMART (90.7% and 97.7% repelled at 14 d, respectively) at repelling I. scapularis nymphs. Although the same trend in percent repellency was noted in the CO2 trap trial against both A. americanum nymphs and adults, EcoSMART outperformed Permanone in repelling A. Americanum nymphs after 14 d in the drag trial. Generally, the effectiveness of all repellents tested declined over time. The use of tick drags and CO2 traps was rapid, inexpensive, and easy to use in determining the relative effectiveness of repellents in the field.

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“…Many researchers, especially those testing botanicals as repellents, have found or suggested that formulation is essential for stability, persistence and activity (Jaenson et al, 2006;Carroll et al, 2007;Garboui et al, 2007;Moore et al, 2007). For example, Schreck et al (1995) evaluated unformulated DEET against nymphal A. americanum at an application rate of 0.3 mg/cm 2 on human skin and reported that repellency dropped to <90% approximately 2.7 h after treatment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First report of the repellency of 2-tridecanone against ticks

Kimps

Bissinger

Apperson

et al. 2010

Medical and Veterinary Entomology

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2-Tridecanone and 2-undecanone are both found naturally in the trichomes of wild tomato plants and are important in plant resistance to herbivory. 2-Undecanone is the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)-registered active ingredient in the commercially available arthropod repellent, BioUD(®) . The goal of this study was to examine the tick repellency of 2-tridecanone. Two-choice bioassays were conducted using 8% 2-tridecanone vs. the repellent carrier (absolute ethanol) and compared with two-choice studies using 8% 2-undecanone vs. absolute ethanol. Unfed, host-seeking adult (mixed sex) Amblyomma americanum (L.) (Acari: Ixodidae) and Dermacentor variabilis Say (Acari: Ixodidae) were used to evaluate repellency and time to repellent failure at room temperature. The present study shows in filter paper assays (0.63 mg test compound/cm(2) ) that 2-tridecanone was 87% repellent to A. americanum at 12 h after application, but had no statistically significant repellency at 15 h and 24 h, and was 72% repellent to D. variabilis at 15 h, but had no statistically significant repellency at 24 h. By contrast, 2-undecanone was 74% and 75% repellent to A. americanum and D. variabilis, respectively, at 2 h after application, but no statistically significant repellency was noted at 2.5 h and 3 h. In two-choice assays on cheesecloth, 2-tridecanone at 0.25 mg/cm(2) was 85% repellent to A. americanum 6 h after application, demonstrating its potential use as an arthropod repellent that can be used on clothing without the need for formulation. No statistically significant repellency was found at 9 h or 12 h. The potential use of 2-tridecanone as a tick repellent is discussed.

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Repellency of methyl jasmonate to Ixodes ricinus nymphs (Acari: Ixodidae)

Cited by 21 publications

References 19 publications

Mosquito odorant receptor for DEET and methyl jasmonate

Mosquito odorant receptor for DEET and methyl jasmonate

Experimental Use of Two Standard Tick Collection Methods to Evaluate the Relative Effectiveness of Several Plant-Derived and Synthetic Repellents Against Ixodes scapularis and Amblyomma americanum (Acari: Ixodidae)

First report of the repellency of 2-tridecanone against ticks

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