Repercussion effects of consumption by domestic tourists in Tokyo and Kyoto estimated using a regional waste input–output approach

Abstract

The importance of tourism around the world is increasing. In 2014, direct, indirect, and induced economic effects of tourism amounted to 9% of global GDP (United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Tourism Highlights 2015). Moreover, the contribution of newly developing countries in the tourism market to this figure increased from 30 to 45% over the last 25 years, which means that tourism has been effective in improving economic well-being in these countries (UNWTO 2015). Hardy et al. (2002) reported that the three key factors in the development of sustainable tourism are environment vision, economic development, and community involvement. More recent AbstractAs the economic importance of tourism increases, it is important to consider the effects that tourism has on the environment in the affected regions of the country. In our study, we selected two popular tourist destinations in Japan, Tokyo and Kyoto, for our case studies on the repercussion effects induced by the economic and environmental activities of visitors. As waste generation and landfilling are two of the most important environmental loads in Japan, a regional waste input-output approach was considered to be an effective method for evaluating these issues. The estimated direct effects of visitors' consumption activities in Tokyo and Kyoto amounted to approximately 434 billion yen and 209 billion yen, respectively. The tendencies of visitor consumption in both prefectures were similar, as were the repercussion effects on the production value, which accounted for approximately 434 billion yen and approximately 260 billion yen in Tokyo and Kyoto, respectively. Value added amounted to 276 billion yen in Tokyo and approximately 108 billion yen in Kyoto. Waste generation induced by tourists in Kyoto accounted for approximately 22,690 t, which was similar to that induced in Tokyo at 20,655 t. Regarding the repercussion effect of the area of landfill consumption, Kyoto tourists consumed 1479 m 2 of landfill in contrast to 7369 m 2 in Tokyo. The results of our study reveal the importance of considering the regional characteristics of the target region when conducting environmentally sound campaigns directed at stimulating tourism.

Assessing circularity interventions: a review of EEIOA-based studies

“…Several studies applied the WIOA model to measure the direct and indirect waste of consumption at national level, such as Taiwan, France, and UK (Jensen et al 2013;Liao et al 2015;Beylot et al 2016b;Salemdeeb et al 2016). In a study at sub-national scale, Tsukui et al (2011Tsukui et al ( , 2017 developed an interregional WIOA to quantify the embodied waste generated by consumption patterns in the city of Tokyo. These cases applied a traditional Leontief inverse matrix to estimate the embodied goods and waste of final demand.…”

Repercussion effects of consumption by Chinese, Taiwanese, and Korean tourists in Kyoto: using a regional waste input–output approach

“…In such an urban tourist environment, the primary industrial sectors that are stimulated by tourist consumption are restaurants and hotels, which primarily generate food, paper, and plastic wastes. In this study, since we sought an appropriate method for estimating the repercussion effects of visitor consumption in an urban tourist setting, we were drawn to the study by Tsukui et al (2017), which investigated the repercussion effects of consumption by domestic tourists in Tokyo and Kyoto using an interregional WIOA. We then adopted the same basic analysis method in order to investigate the repercussion effects of consumption by visitors from China, Taiwan, and Korea.…”