Repertoire of Theileria equi immunodominant antigens bound by equine antibody

Silva, Marta G.; Graça, Telmo; Suárez, Carlos E.; Knowles, Donald P.

doi:10.1016/j.molbiopara.2013.03.002

Cited by 12 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…In T. equi, two merozoite surface proteins equi merozoite antigens (EMAs: EMA-1, 34 kDa, and EMA-2, 30 kDa), were shown to interact with erythrocyte cytoskeletons and identified as immunodominant antigens [32][33][34]. In addition, other surface antigens were identified previously (EMA-3, 25 kDa and EMA-6, 34 kDa), but their exact identity is unknown [35] IKADAI et al [36] described EMA-3 as a T. equi protein that adheres to the inside of the erythrocytic membrane and it may have important role in the replication of parasite after erythrocytic invasion [35]. These glycoproteins belong to the main family of piroplasmic surface proteins (MPSP) and are conserved within the Theileria genus [37][38][39].…”

Section: Surface Antigens -Equi Merozoite Antigens (Emas)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Equine theileriosis: Review

Leivas Leite

2018

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Equine theileriosis, caused by the Apicomplexa protozoan Theileria equi, is an intra-erythrocytic parasite disease found in horses, and it is widely distributed throughout the world. Its prevalence and endemicity are linked to the presence of tick vectors and chronic equine carriers. Diagnosis of theileriosis is based on serological methods, including ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay), IFAT (indirect fluorescent antibody), and molecular methods such as PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction). Theileria equi has merozoite surface proteins, equi merozoite antigens (EMA-1, EMA-2, EMA-3 and EMA-6). These antigens play an important role in pathogenesis and provide as host immune response targets against the parasite. EMA-1 and EMA-2 have been identified as immunodominant antigens and they are expressed on the surface of extra-erythrocyte merozoites. EMA-1 protein has been used in commercial testing of immunodiagnostic; however, EMA-2 is a highly conserved immunogenic protein and a promising target. The aim of this study is to contribute to improving the diagnosis and prevention of equine theileriosis.

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Section: Surface Antigens -Equi Merozoite Antigens (Emas)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Equine theileriosis: Review

Leivas Leite

2018

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“…Additionally, very little is also known about host immune responses to T. equi infection and bridging this knowledge gap is key in understanding the relationship between the parasite and its hosts. Although humoral immune responses have previously been demonstrated during T. equi infection (2,(10)(11)(12)(13), there is a scarcity of information regarding the cell mediated immune responses that are induced in equids in response to infection. Cytokines are critical regulators of immune responses, and their quantification provides insights into cell mediated immune responses (14-17).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression of IL-10 and TGF-β1 in horses experimentally infected with T. equi merozoites is associated with antibody production but not modulation of pro-inflammatory responses

Onzere,

Bastos,

Bishop

et al. 2024

Front. Immunol.

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Theileria equi (T. equi) is an apicomplexan parasite that causes severe hemolytic anemia in equids. Presently, there is inadequate knowledge of the immune responses induced by T. equi in equid hosts impeding understanding of the host parasite relationship and development of potent vaccines for control of T. equi infections. The objective of this study was to evaluate the host-parasite dynamics between T. equi merozoites and infected horses by assessing cytokine expression during primary and secondary parasite exposure, and to determine whether the pattern of expression correlated with clinical indicators of disease. Our findings showed that the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines was very low and inconsistent during both primary and secondary infection. There was also no correlation between the symptoms observed during primary infection and expression of the cytokines. This suggests that the symptoms might have occurred primarily due to hemolysis and likely not the undesirable effects of pro-inflammatory responses. However, IL-10 and TGF-β1 were highly expressed in both phases of infection, and their expression was linked to antibody production but not moderation of pro-inflammatory cytokine responses.

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“…Most epidemiological data arise from cELISA of anti- T. equi and anti- B. caballi antibodies in sera, as a high throughput of samples at comparably low cost, can be achieved with this method. However, the sera from equids suspected to be infected with either T. equi or B. caballi are typically tested for individual diagnosis using western blotting [ 19 ]. The advantage of the western blotting method is that it can detect both the conformational epitopes and the linear epitopes of the EMA1 and Bc48 antigens.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnostic Performance of Competitive ELISA and Western Blot Methods for the Detection of Antibodies against Theileria equi and Babesia caballi

et al. 2022

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Theileria equi (T. equi) and Babesia caballi (B. caballi) are the causative pathogens of Equine piroplasmosis (EP), a disease that has brought huge economic losses and great restrictions to the global equine industry. Rapid and accurate diagnostic methods are critical for the effective monitoring of the disease. In this study, we developed novel competitive ELISA methods and western blot assays based on the EMA1 or Bc48 proteins to detect antibodies against T. equi or B. caballi, respectively. In the novel cELISA, horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-labeled monoclonal antibodies are used in place of enzyme-conjugated secondary antibodies, in order to speed up the entire procedure. These methods have high sensitivity and no cross-reactivity with antibodies against other equine diseases. In the newly developed western blot assays, we optimized the dilution of T. equi or B. caballi positive serum samples to 1:200. Compared with the commercially available kit, both the novel cELISA assay and the western blot assay showed high coincidence rates in detecting antibodies against T. equi and B. caballi. Taken together, the novel cELISA and the western blot assays for detecting antibodies against T. equi or B. caballi have the potential to rapidly test for T. equi or B. caballi and to contribute to the surveillance and control of this disease.

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Repertoire of Theileria equi immunodominant antigens bound by equine antibody

Cited by 12 publications

References 36 publications

Equine theileriosis: Review

Equine theileriosis: Review

Expression of IL-10 and TGF-β1 in horses experimentally infected with T. equi merozoites is associated with antibody production but not modulation of pro-inflammatory responses

Diagnostic Performance of Competitive ELISA and Western Blot Methods for the Detection of Antibodies against Theileria equi and Babesia caballi

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