Repetition accelerates neural markers of memory consolidation

Yu, Wangjing; Zadbood, Asieh; Chanales, Avi J. H.; Davachi, Lila

doi:10.1101/2022.12.14.520481

“…Of note is that during learning, YC conducted more learning cycles and received repeated feedback about the correct location. Therefore, the continual improvement and updating of their performance may have led to more stabilized and resistant to decay memory precision (MacLeod et al, 2018), despite lower levels of retained details (McDermott & Zerr, 2019; Yu et al, 2022). On the other hand, higher number of initially retained details reflected in higher initial memory precision in YA could provide more opportunities for the information’s quality decay.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Short- and long-delay consolidation of memory accessibility and precision across childhood and young adulthood.

Schommartz,

Kaindl,

Buss

et al. 2024

Developmental Psychology

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Childhood is a period when memory consolidation and knowledge base undergo rapid changes. The present study examined short-delay (overnight) and long-delay (after a 2-week period) consolidation of new information either congruent or incongruent with prior knowledge in typically developing 6-to 8-year-old children (n = 32), 9-to 11-year-old children (n = 33), and 18-to 30-year-old young adults (YA; n = 39). Both memory accessibility (cued recall of objects) and precision (precision of object placement) of initially well-learned object-scene pairs were measured. Our results showed that overnight, memory accessibility declined similarly in all age groups; memory precision improved more in younger children (YC) compared to older children (OC) and even declined in YA. After a 2-week period, both memory accessibility and precision became worse. Specifically, while age groups showed similar decline in memory accessibility, precision decline was less in YC than in OC and YA. The accessibility and precision of congruent and incongruent information changed similarly with consolidation in all age groups. Taken together, our results showed that, for initially well-learned information, YC have robust memory consolidation, despite their overall lower mnemonic performance compared to OC and YA, which is potentially crucial for stable and precise knowledge accumulation early on in development. Public Significance StatementThis study suggests that children can access well-learned information and retain its precision over long delays, indicating robust memory consolidation. It is not guided by congruency bias, suggesting equal weighting of incoming information and flexible schema formation. Because rapid accumulation of knowledge in children is crucial for later academic success, understanding how memories are retained as time passes is important for promoting successful and effective learning across different developmental groups.

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“…Analyses of remote > recent difference in neural activation over time allowed us to control for the effects of rapid consolidation during repeated learning, examining changes in short-or long-delay neural activation relative to immediate retrieval activation (Brodt et al, 2016a(Brodt et al, , 2018Yu et al, 2022 ). First, we observed increased activation in the vlPFC over time in both age groups, while overall vlPFC activation was higher in young adults.…”

Section: Differential Upregulation Of Remote > Recent Neural Activati...mentioning

confidence: 76%

“…For instance, in young adults, repeated exposure to word-image pairs during encoding, compared to single exposure, was shown to accelerate memory consolidation. This is achieved through enhanced replay of repeated events in the retrosplenial cortex (RSC) and the medial prefrontal cortex (PFC), as well as via increased hippocampal (HC)-cortical replay that promotes the associative word-object memories (Yu et al, 2022 ). In another study by , it was found that during repeated spatial navigation in a virtual environment, activation in the posterior parietal cortex (PPC), especially the precuneus, increased and remained elevated after 24 hours, while HC activity and HC-PPC connectivity declined with repeated encoding rounds .…”

Section: Neural Correlates Of Memory Consolidationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neural Correlates and Reinstatement of Recent and Remote Memory: A Comparison Between Children and Young Adults

Schommartz,

Lembcke,

Ortiz-Tudela

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Memory consolidation tends to be less robust in childhood than adulthood. However, little is known about the corresponding functional differences in the developing brain that may underlie age-related differences in retention of memories over time. This study examined system-level memory consolidation of object-scene associations after learning (immediate delay), one night of sleep (short delay), as well as two weeks (long delay) in 5-to-7-year-old children (n = 49) and in young adults (n = 39), as a reference group with mature consolidation systems. Particularly, we characterized how functional neural activation and reinstatement of neural patterns change over time, assessed by functional magnetic resonance imaging combined with representational (dis)similarity analysis (RSA). Our results showed that memory consolidation in children was less robust (i.e., more forgetting) compared to young adults. For correctly retained remote memories, young adults showed increased neural activation from short to long delay in neocortical (parietal, prefrontal and occipital) and cerebellar brain regions, while children showed increased neural activation in prefrontal and decrease in neural activity in parietal brain regions over time. In addition, there was an overall attenuated scene-specific memory reinstatement of neural patterns in children compared to young adults. At the same time, we observed category-based reinstatement in medial-temporal, neocortical (prefrontal and parietal), and cerebellar brain regions only in children. Taken together, 5-to-7-year-old children, compared to young adults, show less robust memory consolidation, possibly due to difficulties in engaging in differentiated neural reinstatement in neocortical mnemonic regions during retrieval of remote memories, coupled with relying more on gist-like, category-based neural reinstatement. Children showed less robust memory consolidation across short and long delay compared to young adults. Neural activity for remote memory increases from short to long delay in neocortical (parietal, prefrontal and occipital) and cerebellar brain regions in young adults, but not in children. Children showed reduced scene-specific reinstatement of neural patterns compared to young adults. Children relied more on gist-like, category-based neural reinstatement in medial-temporal, neocortical prefrontal and parietal, and cerebellar brain regions.

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“…Analyses of neural upregulation (i.e., remote > recent difference in neural activation) over time allowed us to control for the effects of rapid consolidation during repeated learning, while examining changes in short- or long-delay neural activation (Brodt et al, 2016b, 2018; Yu et al, 2022). First, we observed increased upregulation in the vlPFC over time in both age groups, with vlPFC upregulation being higher in young adults.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For instance, in young adults, repeated exposure to word-image pairs during encoding, compared to single exposure, was shown to accelerate memory consolidation. This is achieved through enhanced replay of repeated events in the retrosplenial cortex (RSC) and the medial prefrontal cortex (PFC), as well as via increased hippocampal (HC)-cortical replay that promotes the associative word-object memories (Yu et al, 2022). In another study by Brodt et al (2016), it was found that during repeated spatial navigation in a virtual environment, activation in the posterior parietal cortex (PPC), especially the precuneus, increased and remained elevated after 24 hours, while HC activity and HC-PPC connectivity declined with repeated encoding rounds (Brodt et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neural Correlates and Reinstatement of Recent and Remote Memory: A Comparison Between Children and Young Adults

Schommartz

¹

,

Lembcke

²

,

Ortiz-Tudela

³

et al. 2023

Preprint

0

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Memory consolidation tends to be less robust in childhood than adulthood. However, little is known about the corresponding functional differences in the developing brain that may underlie age-related differences in retention of memories over time. This study examined system-level memory consolidation of object-scene associations after learning (immediate delay), one night of sleep (short delay), as well as two weeks (long delay) in 5-to-7-year-old children (n = 49) and in young adults (n = 39), as a reference group with mature consolidation systems. Particularly, we characterized how functional neural activation and reinstatement of neural patterns change over time, assessed by functional magnetic resonance imaging combined with representational (dis)similarity analysis (RSA). Our results showed that memory consolidation in children was less robust (i.e., more forgetting) compared to young adults. For correctly retained remote memories, young adults showed increased neural activation from short to long delay in neocortical (parietal, prefrontal and occipital) and cerebellar brain regions, while children showed increased neural activation in prefrontal and decrease in neural activity in parietal brain regions over time. In addition, there was an overall attenuated scene-specific memory reinstatement of neural patterns in children compared to young adults. At the same time, we observed category-based reinstatement in medial-temporal, neocortical (prefrontal and parietal), and cerebellar brain regions only in children. Taken together, 5-to-7-year-old children, compared to young adults, show less robust memory consolidation, possibly due to difficulties in engaging in differentiated neural reinstatement in neocortical mnemonic regions during retrieval of remote memories, coupled with relying more on gist-like, category-based neural reinstatement.

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Repetition accelerates neural markers of memory consolidation

Cited by 6 publications

References 106 publications

Short- and long-delay consolidation of memory accessibility and precision across childhood and young adulthood.

Short- and long-delay consolidation of memory accessibility and precision across childhood and young adulthood.

Neural Correlates and Reinstatement of Recent and Remote Memory: A Comparison Between Children and Young Adults

Neural Correlates and Reinstatement of Recent and Remote Memory: A Comparison Between Children and Young Adults

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