Repetition and practice effects in a lexical decision task

Abstract

Ss classified visually presented verbal units into the categories "in your vocabulary" or "not in your vocabulary." The primary concern 01' the experiment was to determine if making a prior decision on a given item affects the latency 01' a subsequent lexical decision for the same item. Words 01' both high and low frequency showed a systematic reduction in the latency 01' a lexical decision as a consequence 01' prior decisions (priming) but did not show any reduction due to nonspecific practice effects. Nonwords showed no priming effect but did show shorter latencies due to nonspecific practice. The results also indicated that many (at least 36) words can be in the primed state simultaneously and that the effect persists for at least 10 min. The general interpretation was that priming produces an alteration in the representation 01' a word in memory and can facilitate the terminal portion 01' the memory search process which is assumed to be random.Some recent experiments Meyer, Schvaneveldt, & Ruddy, 1972) have demonstrated semantic priming effects in memory using a word-nonword classification task. The results indicate that Ss can make faster lexical decisions for primed, as cornpaired to unprimed, words. One such priming technique (Meyer et al, 1972) consists of sequentially presenting a pair of semantically related words, e.g., BREAD-BUTTER, and requiring a lexical decision for each. A positive decision for BUTTER is faster if preceded by BREAD than if preceded by an unassociated word such as NURSE. The priming technique in a word-nonword classification task appears to offer a very general and useful method for identifying an d measuring characteristics of the functional organization of memory.Another kind of priming effect was suggested in a tachistoscopic recognition experiment by Morton (1964) in which Ss often mistakenly responded with words which had occurred on some earlier trial. This result suggests the possibility of a temporary alteration in the status of a memory representation which makes the item more accessible. The concern of the present experiment was to investigate priming which might result from making a lexical decision about the same letter string more than once during aseries of trials. A priming effect based on repetition would indicate that a memory representation may be altered, at least temporarily, simply by its activation. The repetition technique would also have the advantage of allowing for the comparison of priming effects for words and nonwords as a means of investigating possible differences in memory representations for these types of items. Two further objectives of the present study were to determine if *The present experiment was partially supported by funds from the Oklahoma State University Research Foundation.tRequests for reprints should be sent to Gary B. Forbach, who is now at the Department 01' Psychology, Washburn University, Topeka, Kansas 66621. several items would be in the primed state simultaneously and to investigate nonspecific practice effects, the effect on...

Effects of fortuitously activated constructs versus activated communication goals on person impressions.

“…Mechanistic models (Forbach, Stanners, & Hochhaus, 1974;Wyer & Srull, 1981) use the metaphor of a component part to represent constructs. Construct accessibility effects are explained through the mechanistic movements of component parts.…”

Manipulation of familiarity reveals a necessary lexical component of the word-stem completion priming effect

“…Modification models, in contrast, assert that priming effects arise from study-induced activation or modification of mnemonic representations (Diamond & Rozin, 1984;Graf, Squire, & Mandler, 1984;Shimamura & Squire, 1984). These models derive from the activation (or "hot tubes") models of the 1970s (Atkinson & Juola, 1974;Forbach, Stanners, & Hochhaus, 1974;Meyer & Schvanaveldt, 1971;Morton, 1970;Rozin, 1976). The way that these two models map onto transfer-appropriate processing, memory systems, and component processes theories is illustrated in Table 1.…”

The inflected noun system in Serbo-Croatian: Lexical representation of morphological structure

“…In the repetitionpriming procedure (Forbach, Stanners, & Hochhaus, 1974;D. L. Scarborough, Cortese, & H. Scarborough, 1977;Stannerset al, 1979),each word and pseudoword is presented twice (with a lag of intervening items) for a lexical decision judgment, and the facilitation to decision latency or priming due to repetition is measured.…”