Repetition and the brain: neural models of stimulus-specific effects

Grill-Spector, Kalanit; Henson, Richard N.; Martin, Alex

doi:10.1016/j.tics.2005.11.006

Cited by 2,098 publications

(1,951 citation statements)

References 90 publications

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“…This proposition is in line with recent models of neuronal repetition priming (Desimone, 1996;Grill-Spector et al, 2006;Henson, 2003;Wiggs and Martin, 1998), suggesting that the repeated exposure to a given stimulus leads to a more efficient cortical representation -a mechanism termed sharpening. In this regard, the direct comparison of children and older adults is particularly informative.…”

Section: Lifespan Differences In Sensory Coding Mechanismssupporting

confidence: 88%

EEG gamma-band synchronization in visual coding from childhood to old age: Evidence from evoked power and inter-trial phase locking

Werkle‐Bergner

Shing

Müller

et al. 2009

Clinical Neurophysiology

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a b s t r a c tObjective: To investigate lifespan age differences in neuronal mechanisms of visual coding in the context of perceptual discrimination. Methods: We recorded EEG from 17 children (10-12 years), 16 younger adults (20-26 years), and 17 older adults (70-76 years) during a simple choice-reaction task requiring discrimination of squares and circles of different sizes. We examined age-group differences in the effect of stimulus size on early ERP components, evoked gamma-band power, and inter-trial phase-stability in the gamma band as assessed by the phase-locking index (PLI). Results: In the absence of age differences in discrimination accuracy, we observed reliable age differences in patterns of ERP, evoked gamma power, and PLI. P1 and N1 peak amplitudes were larger and the peak latencies longer in children than in adults. Children also showed lower levels of evoked power and PLI than adults. Older adults showed smaller increments in evoked power with increasing stimulus size than younger adults, but similar amounts of phase locking for small-and medium-sized stimuli as younger adults. Conclusions: The relative importance of different coding mechanisms in early visual areas changes from childhood to old age. Due to synaptic overproduction and immature myelination, the visual system of children is less entrained by incoming information, resulting in less synchronized neuronal responses. Adults primarily rely on sparse representations formed through experience-dependent temporally synchronized neuronal interactions. In old age, senescent decline in neuronal density and neurotransmitter availability further increase the reliance on temporally synchronized processing. Significance: Findings from this study defy the notion that sensory aging consists in a reversal of sensory development in childhood, and point to a high degree of age specificity in mechanisms of visual coding.

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Section: Lifespan Differences In Sensory Coding Mechanismssupporting

confidence: 88%

EEG gamma-band synchronization in visual coding from childhood to old age: Evidence from evoked power and inter-trial phase locking

Werkle‐Bergner

Shing

Müller

et al. 2009

Clinical Neurophysiology

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“…Instead of reflecting the feedback from higher‐level brain areas, the BOLD‐reductions observed in this study could alternatively reflect locally originating modulations of neural activity (Grill‐Spector, Henson, & Martin, 2006; Henson, 2003). The decreased BOLD activity together with increased speech intelligibility may be explained, for example, with the sharpening model.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…The decreased BOLD activity together with increased speech intelligibility may be explained, for example, with the sharpening model. This proposes that neurons coding word‐specific information send inhibitory feedback to the neurons coding features that are not essential for word identification, and that this results in a sparser and more specific neural representation of the word (Grill‐Spector et al., 2006; Henson, 2003; Wiggs & Martin, 1998). Further, these word‐specific memory representations might encode invariant global acoustic features of a word formulated as an average of the exposures to the various acoustic forms of that word during the subject's lifespan (Gagnepain et al., 2008).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predictive processing increases intelligibility of acoustically distorted speech: Behavioral and neural correlates

et al. 2017

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IntroductionWe examined which brain areas are involved in the comprehension of acoustically distorted speech using an experimental paradigm where the same distorted sentence can be perceived at different levels of intelligibility. This change in intelligibility occurs via a single intervening presentation of the intact version of the sentence, and the effect lasts at least on the order of minutes. Since the acoustic structure of the distorted stimulus is kept fixed and only intelligibility is varied, this allows one to study brain activity related to speech comprehension specifically.MethodsIn a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) experiment, a stimulus set contained a block of six distorted sentences. This was followed by the intact counterparts of the sentences, after which the sentences were presented in distorted form again. A total of 18 such sets were presented to 20 human subjects.ResultsThe blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD)‐responses elicited by the distorted sentences which came after the disambiguating, intact sentences were contrasted with the responses to the sentences presented before disambiguation. This revealed increased activity in the bilateral frontal pole, the dorsal anterior cingulate/paracingulate cortex, and the right frontal operculum. Decreased BOLD responses were observed in the posterior insula, Heschl's gyrus, and the posterior superior temporal sulcus.ConclusionsThe brain areas that showed BOLD‐enhancement for increased sentence comprehension have been associated with executive functions and with the mapping of incoming sensory information to representations stored in episodic memory. Thus, the comprehension of acoustically distorted speech may be associated with the engagement of memory‐related subsystems. Further, activity in the primary auditory cortex was modulated by prior experience, possibly in a predictive coding framework. Our results suggest that memory biases the perception of ambiguous sensory information toward interpretations that have the highest probability to be correct based on previous experience.

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“…Specifically, we suggest that repetition of a stimulus causes a decrease in population activity, and a change to a new stimulus activates a different neural population that fires robustly Hamilton and Grafton, 2006. This interpretation does not require a strict concordance between RSdefined selectivity of the population response and the selectivity of single neurons [Grill-Spector et al, 2006;Sawamura et al, 2006]. Instead, population level RS can be interpreted analogous to the double dissociation paradigm in neuropsychology.…”

Section: Neurophysiological Mechanisms Of Motor Rsmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…An alternative is to measure the repetition suppression (RS) of the fMRI blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) signal when a particular stimulus feature is repeated from one trial to the next [Grill-Spector et al, 2006]. The RS method, also known as fMRI-adaptation, is promising because it is not limited to visual systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Repetition suppression for performed hand gestures revealed by fMRI

Hamilton

Grafton

2008

Human Brain Mapping

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Abstract:The functional components of the human motor system that are used to retrieve and execute simple intransitive hand gestures were identified with a repetition suppression (RS) paradigm. Participants performed movements with the right hand to text instructions in a rapid event related design with a pseudo-random stimulus order. Brain areas associated with action retrieval were identified by comparing trials where an action was repeated to trials that involved a new action. Performance of a novel action, collapsed across individual actions, resulted in significantly greater activity in a left hemisphere predominant fronto-parietal circuit involving inferior frontal gyrus and inferior parietal cortex (supramarginal gyrus). This is consistent with previous action retrieval tasks using go, no-go paradigms and lesion studies of patients with apraxia that emphasize a role of these areas in action organization. In addition, RS effects were present in left primary sensorimotor cortex. These effects cannot be ascribed to kinematic differences, simple action related activity or differences of cognitive set. Significant RS effects for action retrieval could be identified with as little as 5 min of fMRI data and underscores the potential of using RS to characterize representational structure within the motor system. Hum Brain Mapp 00:000-000, 2009. V V C 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

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Repetition and the brain: neural models of stimulus-specific effects

Cited by 2,098 publications

References 90 publications

EEG gamma-band synchronization in visual coding from childhood to old age: Evidence from evoked power and inter-trial phase locking

EEG gamma-band synchronization in visual coding from childhood to old age: Evidence from evoked power and inter-trial phase locking

Predictive processing increases intelligibility of acoustically distorted speech: Behavioral and neural correlates

Repetition suppression for performed hand gestures revealed by fMRI

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