Repetitive dynamic stereo test improved processing time in young athletes

Schoemann, Micha Daniel; Lochmann, Matthias; Paulus, Jan; Michelson, Georg

doi:10.3233/rnn-170729

Cited by 10 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…These findings complement the evidence of training-induced improvements in visual function from comparable studies using the digital vision trainer [ 2 , 3 , 4 ]. Subsequently, the question arose whether these findings could also be applied to improvements in stereopsis in people with visual impairments, such as abnormal binocular vision [ 8 ] and amblyopia [ 1 , 5 ], and people with abnormal binocular vision [ 10 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

“…We tested and trained stereoscopic stimuli with 23–368 arcsec, each representing a multiple of the base disparity (23 arcsec). Compared to the athletes in a comparable study [ 4 ], age-related restrictions had to be taken into account here, and an initial overview had to be provided. At the end of the training, all participants received a questionnaire in which they were asked to subjectively assess their improvements in stereoscopic ability in everyday situations.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Visual experiences—for example, in the form of repetitive visual stimuli—can improve visual performance without altering the optical apparatus itself [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 ]. This process is referred to as visual perceptual learning (VPL) which is based on the ability of the brain to re-organize itself and adapt in general, which is referred to as cortical plasticity or neuroplasticity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Stereoscopic Visual Perceptual Learning in Seniors

Erbes

Michelson

2021

Geriatrics

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Background: We showed that seniors can improve their stereoscopic ability (stereoacuity) and corresponding reaction time with repetitive training and, furthermore, that these improvements through training are still present even after a longer period of time without training. Methods: Eleven seniors (average age: 85.90 years) trained twice a week for six weeks with dynamic stereoscopic perception training using a vision training apparatus (c-Digital Vision Trainer®). Stereoscopic training was performed in 12 training session (n = 3072) of visual tasks. The task was to identify and select one of four figures (stereoscopic stimuli) that was of a different disparity using a controller. The tests included a dynamic training (showing rotating balls) and a static test (showing plates without movement). Before and after training, the stereoacuity and the corresponding reaction times were identified with the static stereotest in order to determine the individual training success. The changes in respect to reaction time of stereoscopic stimuli with decreasing disparity were calculated. Results: After 6 weeks of training, reaction time improved in the median from 936 arcsec to 511 arcsec. Stereoscopic vision improved from 138 arcsec to 69 arcsec, which is an improvement of two levels of difficulty. After 6 months without training, the improvement, achieved by training, remained stable. Conclusions: In older people, visual training leads to a significant, long-lasting improvement in stereoscopic vision and the corresponding reaction time in seniors. This indicates cortical plasticity even in old age.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Stereoscopic Visual Perceptual Learning in Seniors

Erbes

Michelson

2021

Geriatrics

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“…In athletes undergoing visual training with dynamic stereo tests, the reaction time, instead of stereoacuity only, is of better predictive value for perceiving the depth. 50 Therefore, the results from this study would lend support to correct the dominant eye for distance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Balanced Eyes See Stereopsis More Quickly, but Not More Finely

Bai

Zhang

et al. 2018

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

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PURPOSE. To quantify ocular sensory dominance and investigate its relationship to stereopsis. METHOD.A total of 69 subjects participated in the study. Ocular dominance was measured by a continuous flashing technique, with the tested eye viewing a Gabor patch increasing in contrast, and the fellow eye viewing a Mondrian noise decreasing in contrast. In each trial, the log ratio of Mondrian to Gabor's contrasts was recorded as a subject first detected the Gabor. We collected 50 trials for each eye and an interocular difference was analyzed with a rank-sum test. The z-value was used as the ocular dominance index (ODI) to quantify the degree of ocular dominance. A subject with ODI ‡ 2 was categorized as having a clear ocular dominance, and a subject with ODI < 2 was considered as having balanced eyes (unclear dominance). The stereoacuity was measured with random dot patterns with durations varying from 50 to 1000 ms. The best achievable stereoacuity (D min ) and the integration time needed to acquire that (T min ) were calculated. RESULTS.A total of 30 subjects had balanced eyes and 39 had clear ocular dominance. T min was significantly longer in subjects with clear ocular dominance than in subjects with balanced eyes (180.18 vs. 121.17 ms, P < 0.01). T min was positively correlated with ODI (P < 0.01). However, D min in subjects with clear dominance was not different from that in subjects with balanced eyes (40.60 vs. 35.73 arcsec, P ¼ 0.18).CONCLUSIONS. Ocular dominance is not associated with how fine the stereoacuity is, but rather how quickly the best stereoacuity is acquired.

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“…Interestingly, patients with strabismic amblyopia benefit more from dichoptic training compared to monocular training and fare even better with direct training 24 . Furthermore, people with normal binocular vision can also benefit from training, improving their stereoacuity thresholds 26 – 28 . However, laboratory-based paradigms require participants to sit through many hours of monotonous psychophysical training 29 , 30 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scaffolding depth cues and perceptual learning in VR to train stereovision: a proof of concept pilot study

Godinez

Martín-González

Ibarrondo

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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Stereopsis is a valuable feature of human visual perception, which may be impaired or absent in amblyopia and/or strabismus but can be improved through perceptual learning (PL) and videogames. The development of consumer virtual reality (VR) may provide a useful tool for improving stereovision. We report a proof of concept study, especially useful for strabismic patients and/or those with reduced or null stereoacuity. Our novel VR PL strategy is based on a principled approach which included aligning and balancing the perceptual input to the two eyes, dichoptic tasks, exposure to large disparities, scaffolding depth cues and perception for action. We recruited ten adults with normal vision and ten with binocular impairments. Participants played two novel PL games (DartBoard and Halloween) using a VR-HMD. Each game consisted of three depth cue scaffolding conditions, starting with non-binocular and binocular cues to depth and ending with only binocular disparity. All stereo-anomalous participants improved in the game and most (9/10) showed transfer to clinical and psychophysical stereoacuity tests (mean stereoacuity changed from 569 to 296 arc seconds, P < 0.0001). Stereo-normal participants also showed in-game improvement, which transferred to psychophysical tests (mean stereoacuity changed from 23 to a ceiling value of 20 arc seconds, P = 0.001). We conclude that a VR PL approach based on depth cue scaffolding may provide a useful method for improving stereoacuity, and the in-game performance metrics may provide useful insights into principles for effective treatment of stereo anomalies.This study was registered as a clinical trial on 04/05/2010 with the identifier NCT01115283 at ClinicalTrials.gov.

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Repetitive dynamic stereo test improved processing time in young athletes

Abstract: Our results suggest that repetitive testing of stereovision is effective in improving processing time of stereoscopic tasks in young male athletes significantly long-term.

Cited by 10 publications

References 37 publications

Stereoscopic Visual Perceptual Learning in Seniors

Stereoscopic Visual Perceptual Learning in Seniors

Balanced Eyes See Stereopsis More Quickly, but Not More Finely

Scaffolding depth cues and perceptual learning in VR to train stereovision: a proof of concept pilot study

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