Repetitive exposures to a surrogate nipple providing nutritive and non-nutritive fluids: effects on suckling behavior of the newborn rat

Petrov, Evgeniy S.; Nizhnikov, Michael E.; Kozlov, А. P.; Kramskaya, Tatiana; Spear, Norman E.

doi:10.1016/j.appet.2004.04.005

Cited by 10 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…The results of the present study are also in agreement with our previous findings that demonstrated differential responding to bitter and sweet tastants available through the surrogate nipple in newborn Petrov et al, 2004) as well as 1-day-old rats (Petrov et al, 2001).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 95%

Taste differentiation in the context of suckling and independent, adultlike ingestive behavior

Kozlov¹,

Petrov²,

Spear³

2006

Dev. Psychobiol.

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The present study compared intake of sweet (saccharin), bitter (quinine), and neutral (water) tastants available either in the context of suckling behavior through a surrogate nipple or independent adultlike feeding through an intraoral cheek cannula in 3-hr-old newborn rats lacking any suckling experience and 24-hr-old rats with regular experience with the dam's nipple. The new technique of online monitoring of fluid flow was applied for assessment of the temporal patterns of ingestion. Newborn and 1-day-old rats tested in the context of suckling behavior showed extremely low intake of quinine, moderate intake of water, and high intake of saccharin. In the same way, they demonstrated low intake of quinine and high intake of saccharin in the context of independent feeding, but intake of water was also high and comparable to that of saccharin. Suckling rats attained higher efficacy of fluid extraction from nipple than pups drinking from cannula. The differential responsiveness to quinine, saccharin, and water in suckling rats was also manifested through attachment behavior, with pups spending less time on the nipple providing quinine and more time on the nipple with saccharin than on the nipple providing water. These results suggest that neonates show taste differentiation as early as 3 hr after birth, and that this taste differentiation is more pronounced in the context of suckling behavior than in the context of adultlike, independent ingestion.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 95%

Taste differentiation in the context of suckling and independent, adultlike ingestive behavior

Kozlov¹,

Petrov²,

Spear³

2006

Dev. Psychobiol.

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“…The technique here employed seems to be easily adaptable to the neonate and the infant rat. As mentioned, after the first 2 days of postnatal life the artificial nipple technique becomes relatively ineffective for testing associative learning processes (Cheslock et al, 2000) and self-administration of different tastants (Abate, Varlinskaya, Cheslock, Spear, & Molina, 2002;Petrov, Nizhnikov, Kozlov, Varlinskaya, Kramskaya, & Spear, 2004). In addition, the procedure appears to facilitate the examination of the ontogeny of ethanol affinity; a phenomenon that is difficult to study in humans given obvious ethical limitations (Spear & Molina, 2005).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid acquisition of operant conditioning in 5‐day‐old rat pups: A new technique articulating suckling‐related motor activity and milk reinforcement

Arias

Spear

Molina

et al. 2007

Developmental Psychobiology

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Newborn rats are capable of obtaining milk by attaching to a surrogate nipple. During this procedure pups show a gradual increase in head and forelimb movements oriented towards the artificial device that are similar to those observed during nipple attachment. In the present study the probability of execution of these behaviors was analyzed as a function of their contingency with intraoral milk infusion using brief training procedures (15 min). Five-day-old pups were positioned in a smooth surface having access to a touch-sensitive sensor. Physical contact with the sensor activated an infusion pump which served to deliver intraoral milk reinforcement (Paired group). Yoked controls received the reinforcer when Paired neonates touched the sensor. Paired pups trained under a continuous reinforcement schedule emitted significantly more responses than Yoked controls following two (Experiment 1) or one training session (Experiment 2). These differences were also observed during an extinction session conducted immediately after training. The level of maternal deprivation before training (3 or 6 hr) or the volume of milk delivered (1.0 or 1.5 microl per pulse) did not affect acquisition or extinction performances. In addition, it was observed that the rate of responding of Paired pups during the early phase of the extinction session significantly predicted subsequent levels of acceptance of the reinforcer. These results indicate that the frequency of suckling-related behaviors can be rapidly modified by means of associative operant processes. The operant procedure here described represents an alternative tool for the ontogenetic analysis of self-administration or behavior processes of seeking.

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“…Most psychobiological investigations involving cesarean delivery of near-term rodent fetuses utilize brief maternal ether anesthesia combined with either chemomyelotomy (e.g., Dominguez et al, 1993;Shen et al, 1991;Smotherman, Petrov, & Varlinskaya, 1997) or cervical dislocation (e.g., Nizhnikov, Molina, Varlinskaya, & Spear, 2006;Cheslock, Sanders & Spear, 2004;Petrov et al, 2004). Rat fetuses are surgically delivered, then administered tactile stimulation (usually stroking or tapping) to promote continuous postnatal breathing.…”

Section: Experiments 2: Effects Of Brief Maternal Ether Versus Isoflurmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal anesthesia via isoflurane or ether differentially affects pre‐and postnatal behavior in rat offspring

Ronca

Abel

Alberts

2007

Developmental Psychobiology

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Our understanding of prenatal behavior has been significantly advanced by techniques for direct observation and manipulation of unanesthetized, behaving rodent fetuses with intact umbilical connections to the mother. These techniques involve brief administration of an inhalant anesthesic, enabling spinal transection of the rat or mouse dam, after which procedures can continue with unanesthetized dams and fetuses. Because anesthetics administered to the mother can cross the placental barrier, it is possible that fetuses are anesthetized to varying degrees. We compared in perinatal rats the effects of prenatal maternal exposure to two inhalant anesthetics: ether and isoflurane. Fewer spontaneous fetal movements and first postpartum nipple attachments were observed following maternal exposure to ether as compared to isoflurane. Neonatal breathing frequencies and oxygenation did not account for group differences in nipple attachment. Our results provide evidence that the particular inhalant anesthetic employed in prenatal manipulation studies determines frequencies of perinatal behavior.

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Repetitive exposures to a surrogate nipple providing nutritive and non-nutritive fluids: effects on suckling behavior of the newborn rat

Cited by 10 publications

References 60 publications

Taste differentiation in the context of suckling and independent, adultlike ingestive behavior

Taste differentiation in the context of suckling and independent, adultlike ingestive behavior

Rapid acquisition of operant conditioning in 5‐day‐old rat pups: A new technique articulating suckling‐related motor activity and milk reinforcement

Maternal anesthesia via isoflurane or ether differentially affects pre‐and postnatal behavior in rat offspring

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