Repetitive negative thinking following exposure to a natural stressor prospectively predicts altered stress responding and decision-making in the laboratory

Stamatis, Caitlin A.; Puccetti, Nikki A; Charpentier, Caroline J.; Heller, Aaron S.; Timpano, Kiara R.

doi:10.1016/j.brat.2020.103609

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Recent research showed that an important factor that may influence individual differences in risk-taking under stress is psychiatric symptom severity, i.e. pathological anxiety (Charpentier et al, 2017), repetitive negative thinking (Stamatis et al, 2020). We would encourage further work taking this measure when investigating the effects of stress on decision-making.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Repetitive negative thinking (RNT) induced by a natural stressor was associated with greater increases in loss aversion (i.e. overweighing potential monetary losses relative to gains) in decision-making during the early-phase response to a laboratory stressor, highlighting the role of loss aversion and stress in understanding RNT as an affective vulnerability factor (Stamatis et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Acute stress amplifies experienced and anticipated regret in counterfactual decision-making

Dijk

2020

Stress

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Previous research has shown that stress can affect emotion processing in a variety of settings. However, little attention has been paid to the effects of stress on emotional decision-making. The present study addressed this question by exposing healthy young participants either to a stressor (n ¼ 30)-socially evaluated cold pressor task-or a non-stressful control task (n ¼ 30). Subsequently, participants completed a computerized decision-making task in which they could compare the obtained factual outcome with a non-obtained counterfactual outcome. Saliva samples were taken at four time points over the course of the experiment and used to analyze cortisol levels. Results revealed that acute stress induced reliable salivary cortisol increase over the experimental task. At the outcome delivery stage, acute stress amplified negative emotions induced by the counterfactual comparison. At the choice stage, under stress, participants were more likely to make regret-averse decisions. The findings that acute stress amplifies both experienced and anticipated regret is consistent with dual process frameworks such that stress tilts decision-making toward more emotional and intuitive processing. LAY SUMMARYStress is thought to affect emotional processing. The present study investigated the effects of acute stress on emotional decision making using a typical counterfactual decision making task. Acute stress amplified both experience and anticipation of regret, consistent with the dual process frame that stress tilts decision-making toward more emotional and intuitive processing.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute stress amplifies experienced and anticipated regret in counterfactual decision-making

Dijk

2020

Stress

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“…With regard to harm avoidance, the expanded model posits a more specific role of ventral affective circuitry, with neural activity in these regions tied to reduced reward sensitivity on decision‐making tasks (Jung et al, 2011). Further evidence for this association stems from links between decision‐making deficits and other symptoms influenced by a desire to avoid potential harm (namely, anxiety; e.g., Engelmann, Meyer, Fehr, & Ruff, 2015; Stamatis, Puccetti, Charpentier, Heller, & Timpano, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using supervised machine learning on neuropsychological data to distinguish OCD patients with and without sensory phenomena from healthy controls

Stamatis

Batistuzzo

Tanamatis

et al. 2020

British J Clinic Psychol

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Objectives. While theoretical models link obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) with executive function deficits, empirical findings from the neuropsychological literature remain mixed. These inconsistencies are likely exacerbated by the challenge of highdimensional data (i.e., many variables per subject), which is common across neuropsychological paradigms and necessitates analytical advances. More unique to OCD is the heterogeneity of symptom presentations, each of which may relate to distinct neuropsychological features. While researchers have traditionally attempted to account for this heterogeneity using a symptom-based approach, an alternative involves focusing on underlying symptom motivations. Although the most studied symptom motivation involves fear of harmful events, 60-70% of patients also experience sensory phenomena, consisting of uncomfortable sensations or perceptions that drive compulsions. Sensory phenomena have received limited attention in the neuropsychological literature, despite evidence that symptoms motivated by these experiences may relate to distinct cognitive processes. Methods. Here, we used a supervised machine learning approach to characterize neuropsychological processes in OCD, accounting for sensory phenomena. Results. Compared to logistic regression and other algorithms, random forest best differentiated healthy controls (n = 59; balanced accuracy = .70), patients with sensory phenomena (n = 29; balanced accuracy = .59), and patients without sensory phenomena (n = 46; balanced accuracy = .62). Decision-making best distinguished between groups based on sensory phenomena, and among the patient subsample, those without sensory phenomena uniquely displayed greater risk sensitivity compared to healthy controls (d = .07, p = .008). Conclusions. Results suggest that different cognitive profiles may characterize patients motivated by distinct drives. The superior performance and generalizability of the newer algorithms highlights the utility of considering multiple analytic approaches when faced with complex data.

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“…Finally, few RNT studies explicitly applied a pre-stressor conceptualization of RNT according to the vulnerability-stress perspective. Experimental studies using a laboratory stressor and testing associations with changes in affect and mood strengthen the role of RNT and stress in changes of symptomatology [ 22 , 41 ]. The lack of research testing associations with stress may mainly be due to the fact that disorder-specific expressions of RNT, particularly rumination and worry, have originally been conceptualized and measured as post-stressor coping strategies following preexisting symptoms, stressful or traumatic events [ 7 , 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Repetitive negative thinking: transdiagnostic correlate and risk factor for mental disorders? A proof-of-concept study in German soldiers before and after deployment to Afghanistan

et al. 2021

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Background and objectives Disorder-specific forms of Repetitive Negative Thinking (RNT) are associated with multiple diagnostic categories, indicating a transdiagnostic nature. Few studies examined content-independent RNT processes across groups of diagnosed mental disorders. Moreover, theory describes RNT processes as critically involved in the etiology of mental disorders, empirical evidence however is scarce. We first tested the transdiagnostic nature by examining levels of RNT across groups of internalizing and externalizing mental disorders compared to healthy individuals and explored RNT levels in a comorbid disorder-group. Second, we examined whether RNT predicts incident psychopathology. Methods In a sample of German soldiers (n = 425) scheduled for deployment in Afghanistan, we compared RNT levels between diagnosed groups with alcohol use disorders, anxiety disorders and healthy individuals cross-sectionally. Exploratory analyses were conducted comparing a comorbid disorder-group to healthy individuals and to both single-disorder-groups. Longitudinally, we examined the predictive value of pre-deployment RNT levels for incident psychopathology after deployment (n = 167). RNT was measured using the Perseverative Thinking Questionnaire (PTQ), DSM-IV diagnoses were assessed using the standardized Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI). Results Cross-sectional comparisons revealed that soldiers with alcohol use disorders and anxiety disorders showed significantly higher degrees of RNT compared to healthy soldiers. RNT levels in those with comorbid disorders were significantly higher compared to healthy soldiers but also compared to both single-disorder-groups. Longitudinal analyses revealed that higher levels of RNT prior to deployment were associated with a higher risk to have any incidental mental disorder after deployment. This however is only attributable to individuals with a PTQ score above a cut-off of 15. Conclusions Findings provide evidence for RNT as a transdiagnostic correlate and a vulnerability factor for the development of mental disorders.

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Repetitive negative thinking following exposure to a natural stressor prospectively predicts altered stress responding and decision-making in the laboratory

Cited by 7 publications

References 44 publications

Acute stress amplifies experienced and anticipated regret in counterfactual decision-making

Acute stress amplifies experienced and anticipated regret in counterfactual decision-making

Using supervised machine learning on neuropsychological data to distinguish OCD patients with and without sensory phenomena from healthy controls

Repetitive negative thinking: transdiagnostic correlate and risk factor for mental disorders? A proof-of-concept study in German soldiers before and after deployment to Afghanistan

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