Repetitive nonpersistent protrusion of the tongue on prenatal ultrasound

Kesrouani, Assaad; Abdelkhalek, Yara; Nasr, B.; Torbey, Paul-Henry; Hachem, Rami; Rassi, Simon

doi:10.1007/s00404-017-4646-8

Cited by 1 publication

(2 citation statements)

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“…This subjective assessment does not take into account the possibility that the oral cavity, and not the tongue, is abnormally sized, such as in Down Syndrome 9,23,32 . Furthermore, tongue protrusion may be a normal phenomenon 33 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fetal Micro and Macroglossia

Koren

Shust-Barequet

Weissbach

et al. 2022

J of Ultrasound Medicine

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Objectives Abnormal fetal tongue size is a phenotypic feature of various syndromes including Beckwith‐Wiedemann, Pierre‐Robin, oromandibular limb hypoplasia, chromosomal aberrations, etc. Current data regarding normal fetal tongue size are limited. Hence, micro/macroglossia are subjectively determined. The aim of the study was to construct a contemporary fetal tongue nomogram and to assess its clinical contribution. Methods A prospective cross‐sectional study was performed in well dated, low risk, singleton pregnancies. Fetal tongues were measured by 5 trained sonographers. Highest quality images were selected. Intra‐ and interobserver variability was assessed. Tongue length, width, area, and circumference 1st to 99th centiles were calculated for each gestational week. Based on the normal tongue size charts, we created a Tongue Centile Calculator. Results Over 18 months, 664 tongue measurements were performed. A cubic polynomial regression model best described the correlation between tongue size and gestational age. The correlation coefficient (r2) was 0.934, 0.932, 0.925, and 0.953 for tongue length, width, area, and circumference, respectively (P < .001). Intra‐ and interobserver variability had high interclass correlation coefficients (>0.9). Using the new charts, we were able to identify 2 cases of macroglossia, subsequently diagnosed with Beckwith‐Wiedemann, and 4 cases of microglossia, 3 associated with Pierre‐Robin sequence, and 1 associated with persistent buccopharyngeal membrane. Conclusions We present novel fetal tongue size charts from 13 to 40 weeks of gestation. Clinical application of these nomograms may be beneficial in the prenatal diagnosis of syndromes or malformations associated with abnormal fetal tongue size.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…9,23,32 Furthermore, tongue protrusion may be a normal phenomenon. 33 In this study, we present normal reference charts of fetal tongue measurements between 13 and 40 weeks of gestation. Two previous prenatal studies have established a fetal tongue nomogram, but both were of limited GA range, between 13 and 26 weeks of gestation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%