Repetitive peripheral magnetic stimulation to reduce pain or improve sensorimotor impairments: A literature review on parameters of application and afferents recruitment

Non-invasive spinal electro-magnetic stimulation (SEMS): a tool for evaluation and modulation of lower limb spinal-muscular transmission in healthy adults

“…Electro-magnetic stimulation applied at the periphery i.e. over spinal roots, nerves or muscles has been recently utilized in clinical research as a new painless and noninvasive approach to deliver electrical excitation [13, 29]. Neurophysiological parameters obtained by measures of CMAP responses evoked by lumbosacral electro-magnetic stimulation are comparable with those obtained with electrical motor-root stimulation using surface electrodes [10, 38], or by inserting needle electrodes into the tissues around the lumbosacral motor roots [39, 40].…”

“…SEMS has been used as a treatment for urinary frequency and urge incontinence [25] as well as to suppress detrusor contraction [26]. SEMS has been used effectively to stimulate the spinal nerves in spinal cord injury individuals, resulting in some improvement of several vital functions [15, 27–29]. Research has also demonstrated greater effects of magnetic stimulation versus electrical stimulation in inhibition of detrusor hyperactivity [30].…”

Acute exposure to high‐induction electromagnetic field affects activity of model peripheral sensory neurons

“…High‐induction electromagnetic field applied peripherally over a muscle or spinal nerve roots is capable of improving sensorimotor impairments and reducing acute and persistent pain . Proprioceptive as well as superficial cutaneous and nociceptive afferents may be recruited in these processes, although the latter are generally thought to be less involved .…”

“…High‐induction electromagnetic field applied peripherally over a muscle or spinal nerve roots is capable of improving sensorimotor impairments and reducing acute and persistent pain . Proprioceptive as well as superficial cutaneous and nociceptive afferents may be recruited in these processes, although the latter are generally thought to be less involved . Recent advances in single cell transcriptomics enabling to dissect sensory responsive cells into distinct neuronal subtypes together with the ever‐increasing information available on the multitude of specific receptors and channels involved in sensory transduction and nociception have opened an exciting opportunity to study the effects of LF‐EMF in a manner even more focused on cellular and molecular mechanisms.…”

“…High-induction electromagnetic field applied peripherally over a muscle or spinal nerve roots is capable of improving sensorimotor impairments and reducing acute and persistent pain [11][12][13][14][15].…”