Replacement of fish meal using pig manure as protein source for Nile tilapia culture

Abstract

The cost of fish feed is a significant constraint to freshwater fish farming in Asia. In the aquaculture value chain, feed is a responsible factor and accounts for nearly 75% of the total cost of fish production in many countries. Therefore, this study attempts to focus the feasibility of using pig manure fermentation to formulate feed pellets to culture the tilapia fish in the cement pond, along with the cultured using ready-made feed containing the residue from the manure fermentation at different ratios. Accordingly, the experimental studies were approached by two types of experiments, namely, experiment 1 (focused on the nutrients in pig manure collected from an anaerobic system farm), and experiment 2 (studied the appropriate level of pig manure to be used as a raw material for fish feeding). The five months’ fermentation of pig manure contains 17.09% protein, which is the highest amount of nutrition source. Digestate manure was estimated; other primary macronutrients, including nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, were 2.73, 0.55 and 1.22 %, respectively. Also, a considerable amount of essential micronutrients, for example, copper, manganese and zinc, were found in the digestate. Nile tilapia were grown at the cement ponds for 120 days. The maximum verified dry matter and protein digestibility in tilapia were attained for diets containing 10 % percent pig manure at 89.28 ± 4.09 and 56.64 ± 1.43 (p> 0.05), respectively. In this study experimental results indicated that fish meal consisting of 15% manure was found to be the most acceptable substitute source of protein for tilapia production. This implies that the cost of fish meal production using fermented pig manure can be significantly lowered, gain higher profit and provide significant economic benefits to farmers.

Sustainability innovation and circular economy of freshwater hybrid catfish oil extraction

“…In the context of the bio-circular-green economic model (BCG) (BCG) portfolio analysis, the oil extraction from freshwater hybrid catfish using a circular economy model could be classified as a 'Star' business. It possesses high growth potential due to the burgeoning interest in sustainable and renewable resources (Tongmee et al, 2020). Given its application across multiple sectors (food, pharmaceuticals, biofuels), the market demand is vast, making it a profitable venture.…”

“…Aquaculture supplies 50% of all fish consumed globally today (Whangchai et al, 2020), and it is predicted that by 2030 it will be the prime source of fish. Aquaculture expansion has made using and validating fish health monitoring tools increasingly evident (Tongmee et al, 2020). Worldwide, fish has an increasingly important role in the health of both developed and developing nations.…”

Enhancing enzyme digestibility of red tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus and O. mossambicus) and improving water quality in fish farming using Napier grass silage

“…One key aspect of waste management in aquaculture involves addressing the issue of ammonia toxicity in aquaculture ponds. Predominantly, the ammonia in these ponds originates from the protein metabolism of fish feed and is excreted through urine and the decomposition of leftover feed and waste in sediments (Tongmee et al, 2020;Tongsiri et al, 2020). In aquaculture systems, especially ones using water recirculation, the water in the fishponds often contains elevated levels of nitrogen compounds (Whangchai et al, 2022).…”

The influence of napier grass biomass mixed feed on the biorefinery indicator for Nile tilapia production

“…Grass biomass is more productive than traditional terrestrial feed materials, does not compete with agriculture crops, and uses less freshwater. Tilapia is second in world fish production, and the global market is increasing at 10–12% annually [ 3 ]. Tilapia production is currently reliant on high-density, intensive fish farming, which requires a substantial amount of feed.…”